Method For Producing Alkylphosphonous Acid Salts
The invention relates to a method for producing alkylphosphonous acid salts, characterised in that a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) in the presence of a catalyst A to obtain an alkylphosphonous acid, the salts or esters thereof (II), b) the thus obtained alkylphosphonous acid, the salts or esters thereof (II) are reacted with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protoned nitrogen base to obtain the corresponding alkylphosphonous acid salts (III) of said metals and/or a nitrogen compound, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different and independently of each other represent H, C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, C 6 -C 18 -aryl, C 7 -C 18 -arylalkyl, C 7 -C 18 -alkylaryl and Y represents Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a nitrogen compound and n represents ¼, ⅓, ½, 1 and the catalyst A is a transition metal and/or transition metal compound and/or catalyst systems which are composed of a transition metal and/or a transition metal compound and at least one ligand.
1 . A process for preparing alkylphosphonous salt, comprising the steps of:
a) reacting a phosphinic acid source (I)
with olefins (IV)
in the presence of a catalyst A to give an alkylphosphonous acid or salt or ester thereof (II)
where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are each independently H, C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, C 6 -C 18 -aryl, C 7 -C 16 -arylalkyl, C 7 -C 18 -alkylaryl and X is H, C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, C 6 -C 18 -aryl, C 7 -C 18 -arylalkyl, C 7 -C 18 -alkylaryl, C 2 -C 18 -alkenyl, (CH 2 ) k OH, CH 2 —CHOH—CH 2 OH, —(CH 2 —CH 2 O) k H or (CH 2 —CH 2 O) k -alkyl, where k is an integer from 0 to 10, and/or X is H, Mg, Ca, Ba, Al, Pb, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen base, where m is ⅓, ½, 1, and the catalyst A comprises transition metals and/or transition metal compounds and/or catalyst systems composed of a transition metal and/or a transition metal compound and at least one ligand, and
b) reacting the alkylphosphonous acid or salt or ester thereof (II) with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K, a protonated nitrogen base or a combination thereof to give the corresponding alkylphosphonous salts (III) of these metals a nitrogen compound or a combination thereof
where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are each as defined under a) and Y is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K a nitrogen compound or a combination thereof and n is ¼, ⅓, ½, 1.
2 . The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different and are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl or a combination thereof.
3 . The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the olefins (IV) are ethylene, propylene, n-butene, styrene or a combination thereof.
4 . The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the phosphinic acid source (I) is phosphinic acid, or the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, ammonium salt, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, t-butyl, glycol ester thereof or a combination thereof.
5 . The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transition metals, the transition metal compounds or both are those from the seventh and eighth transition groups.
6 . The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transition metals, the transition metal compounds or both are rhodium, nickel, palladium, ruthenium and/or platinum.
7 . The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alkylphosphonous salts (III) are aluminum(III), calcium(II), magnesium(II), cerium(III), Ti(IV) and/or zinc(II) salts of ethyl-, propyl-, i-propyl-, butyl-, sec-butyl-, i-butyl-, 1-phenylethyl- 2-phenylethylphosphonous acid or a combination thereof.
8 . The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inventive alkylphosphonous salts obtained, based on the total weight of the mixture, comprises 0 to 5% by weight of alkylphosphonic salts, dialkylphosphinic salts or a combination thereof.
9 . An alkylphosphonous acid-flame retardant combination comprising 0.5 to 99.5% by weight of alkylphosphonous salt (III) according to claims 1 and 0.5 to 99.5% by weight of at least one further flame retardant.
10 . The alkylphosphonous acid-flame retardant combination as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the at least one further flame retardants are dialkylphosphinic salts, aryl phosphates, phosphonates, salts of hypophosphorous acid and red phosphorus, brominated aromatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, phenols or ethers, chloroparaffin, hexachlorocyclopentadiene adducts or a combination thereof.
11 . The an alkylphosphonous acid-flame retardant combination as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the alkylphosphonous acid-flame retardant combination comprises 0.5 to 30% by weight of ethylphosphonous acid aluminum salt and 70 to 99.5% by weight of diethylphosphinic acid aluminum salt.
12 . A flame retardant or an intermediate for preparation of flame retardants for thermoplastic polymers, for thermoset polymers, for clearcoats, for intumescent coatings, for wood and other cellulosic products, for production of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions, for production of flame-retardant polymer moldings and/or for rendering pure and blended polyester and cellulose fabrics flame-retardant by impregnation comprising a flame retardant combination as claimed in claim 9 .
13 . The flame retardant or an intermediate as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the thermoplastic polymers are polyester, polystyrene, polyamide or a combination thereof, and the thermoset polymers are unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, acrylates or a combination thereof.
14 . A flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermoset polymer molding composition comprising 2 to 50% by weight of at least one alkylphosphonous salt (III) prepared according to the process of claim 1 , based on the thermoplastic or thermoset polymer.
15 . A flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermoset polymer molding, film, filament or fiber comprising 2 to 50% by weight of at least one alkylphosphonous salt (III) prepared according to the process of claim 1 , based on the thermoplastic or thermoset polymer.
16 . A flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermoset polymer molding, film, filament or fiber comprising 3 to 40% by weight of at least one alkylphosphonous salt (III) prepared according to the process of claim 1 , based on the thermoplastic or thermoset polymer.
17 . An alkylphosphonous salt-flame retardant combination as claimed in claim 9 , based on the thermoplastic or thermoset polymer.
18 . A flame retardant or an intermediate for preparation of flame retardants for thermoplastic polymers, for thermoset polymers, for clearcoats, for intumescent coatings, for wood and other cellulosic products, for production of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions, for production of flame-retardant polymer moldings and/or for rendering pure and blended polyester and cellulose fabrics flame-retardant by impregnation comprising at least one alkylphosphonous salt (III) prepared according to the process of claim 1 .
19 . A flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermoset polymer molding, film, filament or fiber comprising 3 to 40% by weight of an alkylphosphonous salt-flame retardant combination as claimed in claim 9 , based on the thermoplastic or thermoset polymer.