AC/DC converter
View Patent ↗The present invention relates to an AC/DC converter comprising at least two phase legs connected in series between first and second DC connection terminals of the AC/DC converter, wherein each phase leg comprises: an AC connection having first and second terminals arranged to connect the phase leg to a phase of an AC system; a phase branch comprising at least one converter cell and having first and second branch end terminals; and a capacitor. The capacitor is connected the between the first branch end terminal and the first AC connection terminal, so that the capacitor forms a DC blocking capacitor. The second AC terminal is connected to the second branch end terminal. The series connection of the phase legs between first and second DC connection terminal is such that a first series connection point in a phase leg is located between the first branch end terminal and the capacitor, while a second series connection point is located between the second branch end terminal and the second AC connection. The invention further relates to a method of operating such AC/DC converter.
1. An AC/DC converter comprising:
at least two phase legs connected in series between first and second DC connection terminals of the AC/DC converter, wherein each phase leg comprises:
an AC connection having first and second AC connection terminals arranged to connect the phase leg to a phase of an AC system;
a phase branch comprising at least one converter cell and having first and second branch end terminals; and
a capacitor; wherein
the capacitor is connected between the first branch end terminal and the first AC connection terminal, the capacitor forming a DC blocking capacitor;
the second AC connection terminal is connected to the second branch end terminal; and wherein
the series connection of the phase legs between first and second DC connection terminal is such that a first series connection point in a phase leg is located between the first branch end terminal and the DC-blocking capacitor, while a second series connection point is located between the second branch end terminal and the second AC connection terminal such that the second AC connection terminal is connected to the second branch end terminal via the second series connection point.
2. The AC/DC converter of claim 1 , wherein
the phase branch of each phase leg comprises a cascade of at least two series connected and independently switchable converter cells.
3. The AC/DC converter of claim 2 ,
the phase branch of each phase leg comprises at least two parallel connected cascades of converter cells.
4. The AC/DC converter of claim 2 , further comprising
a control system configured to control the switching of the converter cells of the phase branch of a phase leg to provide a voltage according to the following expression between the first and second series connections points of a phase leg:
U k =U k DC +Û v AC sin(ω t+Θ k ),
where k indicates the k th phase leg, kε[1, P], P being the number of phases of the AC/DC converter 300 ; U k DC denotes a predetermined desired DC voltage between the first and second connection points, where
∑
k
=
1
p
U
D
C
k
=
U
D
C
,
U
D
C
being the voltage between the DC connection terminals; Û v AC is a desired peak AC voltage between the first and second connection points, t is time, ω is the desired angular frequency at the AC output and Θ k is the desired phase angle.
5. The AC/DC converter of claim 2 , further comprising:
a voltage measurement device arranged to measure at least one voltage from which the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor of the phase leg may be obtained; and wherein
a control system is responsively connected to the voltage measurement device and configured to receive a signal from the voltage measurement device from which the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor may be obtained; and
the control system is configured to perform the control of the switching of the converter cells of the phase branches in dependence of the received voltage measurement signals so that the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor of a phase leg corresponds to a predetermined capacitor DC voltage.
6. The AC/DC converter of claim 4 , wherein
the predetermined desired DC voltage corresponds to
U
D
C
P
,
where U DC is the voltage between the DC connection terminals and P is the number of phases.
7. An AC/DC converter comprising:
at least two phase legs connected in series between first and second DC connection terminals of the AC/DC converter, wherein each phase leg comprises:
an AC connection having first and second AC connection terminals arranged to connect the phase leg to a phase of an AC system;
a phase branch comprising at least one converter cell and having first and second branch end terminals;
a capacitor, wherein
the capacitor is connected between the first branch end terminal and the first AC connection terminal, the capacitor forming a DC blocking capacitor;
the second AC connection terminal is connected to the second branch end terminal; and wherein
the series connection of the phase legs between first and second DC connection terminal is such that a first series connection point in a phase leg is located between the first branch end terminal and the DC-blocking capacitor, while a second series connection point is located between the second branch end terminal and the second AC connection terminal;
a voltage measurement device arranged to measure at least one voltage from which the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor of the phase leg may be obtained; and wherein
a control system is responsively connected to the voltage measurement device and configured to receive a signal from the voltage measurement device from which the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor may be obtained; and
the control system is configured to perform the control of the switching of the converter cells of the phase branches in dependence of the received voltage measurement signals so that the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor of a phase leg corresponds to a predetermined capacitor DC voltage.
8. The AC/DC converter of claim 7 , wherein
the voltage measurement device is configured to measure the voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor.
9. The AC/DC converter of claim 7 , wherein
the voltage measurement device is configured to measure:
at least one voltage whereby the voltage across the phase branch of the phase leg may be obtained, and
the voltage across the AC connection of the phase leg.
10. The AC/DC converter of claim 1 , further comprising
a control system configured to control the switching of the converter cells of the phase branch of a phase leg, wherein the control system is configured to:
receive a signal indicative of a zero sequence component of the AC output voltage from the AC/DC converter; and
control the switching of at least one converter cell of the AC/DC converter in dependence of said signal indicative of a zero sequence component so as to mitigate DC side harmonic common mode current components.
11. The AC/DC converter of claim 8 , wherein
the at least one converter cell which the control system is configured to control the switching to mitigate DC side harmonic common mode current components are the converter cells of the phase branches of the phase legs.
12. The AC/DC converter of claim 10 , wherein
the at least one converter cell which the control system is configured to control the switching to mitigate DC side harmonic common mode current components is part of an active filter connected in series with the phase legs between the terminals of the DC connection.
13. The AC/DC converter of claim 11 , wherein
the AC connection of each phase leg is connected to a first winding of a transformer; and
the neutral of the second winding of the transformer is connected to a grounded arrester, the neutral thus being floating.
14. The AC/DC converter of claim 1 , wherein
a passive filter is connected, between the first and second series connection points of a phase leg, in series with the phase branch.
15. The AC/DC converter of claim 1 , wherein
a passive filter is connected, between the first and second series connection points of a phase leg, in series with the DC-blocking capacitor.
16. The AC/DC converter of claim 1 , wherein the second series connection point is directly connected to the second AC connection terminal.
17. The AC/DC converter of claim 1 , wherein the second series connection point, the second branch end terminal, and the second AC connection terminal are substantially equipotential.
18. A method of operating an AC/DC converter having at least two phase legs connected in series, wherein each phase leg comprises:
an AC connection having first and second AC connection terminals arranged to connect the phase leg to a phase of an AC system;
a phase branch comprising at least one converter cell and having first and second branch end terminals; and
a capacitor; wherein
the capacitor is connected between the first branch end terminal and the first AC connection terminal, the capacitor forming a DC blocking capacitor;
the second AC connection terminal is connected to the second branch end terminal; and
the series connection of the phase legs between first and second DC connection terminal is such that a first series connection point in a phase leg is located between the first branch end terminal and the DC-blocking capacitor, while a second series connection point is located between the second branch end terminal and the second AC connection terminal; the method comprising:
controlling the switching of the converter cells of the phase branch of a phase leg to provide a voltage according to the following expression between the first and second series connections points of a phase leg:
U k =U k DC +Û v AC sin(ω t+Θ k ),
where k indicates the k th phase leg, kε[1, P], P being the number of phases of the AC/DC converter 300 ; U k DC denotes a predetermined desired DC voltage between the first and second connection points, where
∑
k
=
1
p
U
k
D
C
=
U
D
C
,
U
D
C
being the voltage between the DC connection terminals; Û v AC is a desired peak AC voltage between the first and second connection points, t is time, ω is the desired angular frequency at the AC output and Θ k is the desired phase angle.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising, for each phase leg:
measuring at least one voltage from which the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor of the phase leg may be obtained; and
controlling the switching of the converter cells of the phase branch in dependence of the received voltage measurement signal so that the DC voltage across the DC-blocking capacitor of the phase leg corresponds to the predetermined desired DC voltage.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
measuring a quantity indicative of a zero sequence component of the AC output voltage from the AC/DC converter;
controlling the switching of at least one converter cell of the AC/DC converter in dependence of said measured quantity in a manner so as to mitigate DC side common mode harmonic current components.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein
the at least one converter cell which is controlled in a manner so as to mitigate DC side common mode harmonic current components is part of an active filter which is connected in series with the phase legs.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein
the at least one converter cell which is controlled in a manner so as to mitigate DC side common mode harmonic current components are the converter cells of the phase branches of the phase legs.