Aerated inorganic polymer compositions and methods of making same
View Patent ↗Inorganic polymer compositions and methods for their preparation are described herein. The compositions include the reaction product of a reactive powder, an activator, and optionally a retardant in the presence of water and an aerating agent. The reactive powder includes 85% or greater fly ash. The aerating agent can be a blowing agent, a foaming agent, or a mixture of these. Also described herein are building materials including the compositions.
1. An inorganic polymer composition, comprising the reaction product of:
reactive powder comprising 85% or greater fly ash, and
an activator, wherein the activator includes a citrate or citric acid, and wherein the activator further includes sodium hydroxide;
in the presence of water and an aerating agent selected from the group consisting of blowing agents, foaming agents, and mixtures thereof,
wherein the reactive powder includes 5% by weight or less of Portland cement,
wherein the activator is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 8.5% dry weight, based on the weight of the reactive powder, and
wherein the aerating agent is present in an amount of from 1% to 8%, by weight of the reactive powder.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein greater than 75% of the fly ash comprises Class C fly ash.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fly ash is present in an amount of greater than 95% by weight of the reactive powder.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reactive powder further comprises portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, slag, or a mixture thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is free from Portland cement.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a pH of from 12 to 13.5.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of water to reactive powder is from 0.06:1 to 0.25:1.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of water to reactive powder is from 0.06:1 to less than 0.15:1.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the blowing agent includes aluminum powder, a peroxide, a perborate, chlorine dioxide, or a mixture of these thereof.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the blowing agent includes a peroxide and the peroxide is provided to the composition as hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, or an organic peroxide.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the blowing agent includes a perborate and the perborate is provided to the composition as sodium perborate.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the blowing agent is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 10% by weight of the reactive powder.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the blowing agent is present in an amount of from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the reactive powder.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein the foaming agent includes non-ionic surfactants.
15. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising aggregate.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the aggregate is lightweight aggregate selected from the group consisting of bottom ash, expanded clay, expanded shale, expanded perlite, vermiculite, volcanic tuff, pumice, hollow ceramic spheres, hollow plastic spheres, expanded plastic beads, ground tire rubber, and mixtures thereof.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is free from retardants.
18. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising fibers.
19. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a photocatalyst.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the activator includes calcium aluminate cement, comprising 0.5 to 5%.
21. An inorganic polymer composition, comprising the reaction product of elements consisting essentially of:
reactive powder comprising 85% or greater fly ash, and
an activator, wherein the activator includes a citrate or citric acid, and wherein the activator further includes sodium hydroxide; and
optionally a retardant,
in the presence of water and an aerating agent selected from the group consisting of blowing agents, foaming agents, and mixtures thereof,
wherein the reactive powder includes 5% by weight of less of Portland cement,
wherein the activator is present in an amount of from 1.5% to 8.5%, and
wherein the aerating agent is present in an amount of from 1% to 8%.