Liquid metal containment in an X-ray tube

1. An x-ray tube anode assembly comprising:

an anode hub defining an opening configured to receive a shaft;

the anode hub configured to retain a volume of a liquid metal when the anode hub rotates around the shaft; and

a diaphragm configured to substantially create a liquid metal seal across the anode hub opening when the anode hub is at rest.

2. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , further comprising means for substantially retaining the liquid metal within the anode hub when the anode hub is at rest in a non-rotating state regardless of the orientation of the x-ray tube anode assembly.

3. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 2 , wherein the means for retaining comprises a catch space formed in the anode hub.

4. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 3 , wherein a volume of the catch space is greater than or equal to the volume of the liquid metal.

5. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 3 , wherein the catch space is an annular catch space.

6. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 3 , wherein the catch space has a rectangular cross-sectional shape.

7. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 3 , wherein the catch space includes an angled wall and a curved wall.

8. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 2 , wherein the means for retaining comprises a liquid metal path defined between the anode hub and a head portion of the shaft.

9. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 8 , wherein the path is formed to have a substantially u-shaped, v-shaped, or circular-shaped path.

10. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 8 , wherein the path is at least partially defined via a flange formed on the anode hub that extends into a slot defined in the head portion of the shaft.

11. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 2 , wherein the means for retaining comprises:

a catch space formed in the anode hub; and

a liquid metal path defined between the anode hub and a head portion of the shaft.

12. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm is further configured to unseal from the shaft when the anode hub is rotating in order to avoid contact with the shaft while the anode hub is rotating.

13. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , wherein the diaphragm comprises leaves surrounding an opening through which the shaft extends, the leaves configured to seal against the shaft when the anode hub is at rest and to unseal from the shaft when the anode hub is rotating.

14. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , wherein the shaft is received within the opening along a head portion of the shaft, and the head portion has a substantially trapezoidal, triangular, spherical, or rectangular cross section.

15. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , wherein the anode hub is at least partially defined by an anode and/or by a rotating shaft connected to the anode.

16. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , wherein the liquid metal comprises liquid gallium.

17. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the shaft comprises molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium.

18. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , wherein the anode hub comprises molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium.

19. The x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 , further comprising bearings which enable the anode hub to rotate around the shaft, the bearings comprising ball bearings, magnetic bearings, air bearings, fluid bearings, or some combination thereof.

20. A rotating anode x-ray tube, comprising:

an evacuated enclosure;

a cathode at least partially positioned within the evacuated enclosure; and

the x-ray tube anode assembly as recited in claim 1 at least partially positioned within the evacuated enclosure.