Granted Patent B2

US 9,380,979 · App. 13/667,457 · Granted Jul 5, 2016

Abstract

Claims (34)

1. An apparatus comprising:

a first electrode and a second electrode arranged to form a parallel plate capacitor;

a compressible, transparent dielectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode wherein the dielectric layer has both a nanostructure and a microstructure, and the dimensions of the nanostructure are such that the dielectric layer is optically transparent;

wherein the dielectric layer is porous;

wherein the dielectric layer is formed from a block copolymer; and

wherein the nanostructure and the microstructure of the dielectric layer define a hierarchical structure.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the nanostructure of the dielectric layer is formed by self assembly of the block copolymer.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the nanostructure of the dielectric layer is formed by phase separation of the block copolymer.

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the dimensions of the nanostructure are such that the nanostructure does not cause scattering of incident light.

5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the dimensions of the nanostructure are less than 100 nm.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first electrode is formed on a curved surface.

7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the electrodes are at least one of transparent and flexible.

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signal from the capacitor is configured to be provided to measurement apparatus.

9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the apparatus is configured to be worn on a body of a user.

10. An array comprising a plurality of apparatus as claimed in claim 1 .

11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the microstructure of the dielectric layer comprises elements having dimensions of the order of tens of micrometers.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure of the dielectric layer comprises elements having dimensions in a range of about 1 nm to about 100 nm, and wherein the microstructure of the dielectric layer comprises elements having dimensions of the order of tens of micrometers.

13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure of the dielectric layer comprises elements comprising an internal arrangement of one or more of blocks of the block copolymer, pores, and boundaries between phases of block copolymer.

14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least the first electrode comprises a polymer substrate, an adhesion layer of chromium on the polymer substrate, and a layer of gold on the adhesion layer.

15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the polymer substrate comprises polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), polymethylmethacryclate (PMMA), or polystyrene (PS).

16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the block copolymer comprises polystyrene and polylactic acid.

17. An apparatus, comprising:

a first electrode and a second electrode arranged to form a parallel plate capacitor; and

a compressible, transparent, and porous dielectric layer formed from a block copolymer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode wherein the dielectric layer has both a nanostructure and a microstructure, and the dimensions of the nanostructure are such that the dielectric layer is optically transparent;

wherein the first electrode comprises a polymer substrate of polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate (PEN), an adhesion layer of chromium on the polymer substrate, and a layer of gold on the adhesion layer; and

wherein the block copolymer comprises polystyrene and polylactic acid.

18. An apparatus comprising:

a first electrode and a second electrode arranged to form a parallel plate capacitor;

a compressible, transparent dielectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode wherein the dielectric layer has both a nanostructure and a microstructure, and the dimensions of the nanostructure are such that the dielectric layer is optically transparent;

wherein the dielectric layer is porous;

wherein the dielectric layer is formed from a block copolymer; and

wherein the nanostructure of the dielectric layer comprises elements comprising an internal arrangement of one or more of blocks of the block copolymer, pores, and boundaries between phases of block copolymer.

19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 18 wherein the first electrode is formed on a curved surface.

20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 18 wherein the electrodes are at least one of transparent and flexible.

Assignments (6)