Process of forming a luminescent material
A luminescent material can be formed by a process using a vacancy-filling agent that includes vacancy-filling atoms. In an embodiment, the process can include forming a mixture of a constituent corresponding to the luminescent material and the vacancy-filling agent. The process can further include forming the luminescent material from the mixture, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent. In another embodiment, the process can include melting a constituent corresponding to the luminescent material to form a melt and adding a vacancy-filling agent into the melt. The process can also include forming the luminescent material from the melt, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent. The luminescent material may have one or more improved performance properties as compared to a corresponding base material of the luminescent material.
1. A process comprising:
forming a mixture of:
a constituent corresponding to a luminescent material; and
a vacancy-filling agent that includes vacancy-filling atoms, wherein the vacancy-filling atoms are X, and X is a halogen;
forming the luminescent material from the mixture, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent; and
annealing the luminescent material in a halogen-containing ambient.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vacancy-filling agent further comprises other atoms that include an element different from an element of the vacancy-filling atoms, and forming the luminescent material is performed such that substantially none of the other atoms from the vacancy-filling agent is incorporated into a matrix of the luminescent material.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein to the extent any of the other atoms from the vacancy-filling agent are incorporated into the luminescent material, the any of the other atoms are incorporated substantially only at interstitial sites.
4. The process of any one of claim 2 , wherein the other atoms include Ba, Sn, Zn, Zr, Hf, Cd, Pb, or any combination thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vacancy-filling agent includes ZnX 2 , ZrX 4 , HfX 4 , SnX 2 , or any combination thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vacancy-filling agent has a vaporization temperature higher than the melting temperature of the luminescent material.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vacancy-filling agent has a vaporization temperature lower than the melting temperature of the luminescent material.
8. A process comprising:
melting a constituent corresponding to a luminescent material to form a melt;
adding a vacancy-filling agent into the melt; and
forming the luminescent material from the melt, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent.
9. A process comprising:
forming a mixture of:
a constituent corresponding to a luminescent material; and
a vacancy-filling agent that includes vacancy-filling atoms, wherein the vacancy-filling atoms are O; and
forming the luminescent material from the mixture, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent, wherein forming the luminescent material is performed in an oxidizing ambient.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the vacancy-filling agent includes BaO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, or any combination thereof.
11. A process comprising:
forming a mixture of:
a constituent corresponding to a luminescent material; and
a vacancy-filling agent that includes vacancy-filling atoms; and
forming the luminescent material from the mixture, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent, wherein the vacancy-filling agent has a vaporization temperature that is within approximately 250° C. of the melting temperature of the luminescent material.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the vacancy-filling atoms are O, S, or X, wherein X is a halogen.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the vacancy-filling agent includes CdS, PbS 2 , S, or any combination thereof.
14. The process of claim 11 , wherein:
the vacancy-filling atoms are S; and
forming the luminescent material is performed in a sulfur-containing ambient.
15. The process of claim 6 , wherein heating the mixture comprises heating the mixture to at least the vaporization temperature of the vacancy-filling agent before forming the luminescent material.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein heating the mixture to at least the vaporization temperature of the vacancy-filling agent is performed for a time period of at least approximately 1.1 minutes.
17. The process of claim 15 , further comprising:
cooling the mixture to another temperature closer to the melting temperature of the luminescent material; and
maintaining the mixture at the other temperature for a time period of at least approximately 1.1 minutes.
18. The process of claim 11 , wherein forming the luminescent material from the mixture comprises:
forming a body from the mixture; and
sintering the body at a sintering temperature and a sintering pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein sintering the body forms a ceramic body of the luminescent material.
20. The process of claim 18 , wherein the vacancy-filling agent has a vaporization temperature at a pressure in a range of atmospheric pressure to the sintering pressure that is within approximately 250° C. of the sintering temperature.