High modulus wear resistant gray cast iron for piston ring applications
A piston ring formed of cast iron provides improved machinability and exceptional performance and minimum costs. The cast iron includes 2.2 to 2.9 wt. % carbon, 3.2 to 4.2 wt. % silicon, 0.75 to 1.25 wt. % copper, 1.0 to 1.5 wt. % manganese, 0.09 to 0.15 wt. % sulfur, not greater than 0.2 wt. % phosphorous, and an average carbon equivalent of 3.8. The cast iron preferably includes a matrix of martensite with MnS and carbides dispersed therein. The matrix is also preferably free of ferrite, austenite, and steadite. The cast iron is formed by casting, autenitizing, quenching, and tempering the alloy.
1. A piston ring formed of a cast iron, comprising, in weight percent (wt. %) of said cast iron:
2.2 to 2.9 wt. % carbon,
3.2 to 4.2 wt. % silicon,
0.75 to 1.25 wt. % copper,
1.0 to 1.5 wt. % manganese,
0.09 to 0.15 wt. % sulfur, and
not greater than 0.1 wt. % phosphorous, based on the total weight of said cast iron; and
wherein said cast iron comprises a matrix including at least one of martensite and bainite, and including manganese sulfide (MnS) and carbides dispersed throughout said matrix.
2. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron includes, in vol. % of said cast iron, the MnS in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 vol. %, based on the total volume of said cast iron.
3. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said matrix includes, in vol. % of said matrix, said martensite in an amount of 80 to 90 vol. %, based on the total volume of said matrix.
4. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said matrix includes, in vol. % of said matrix, not greater than 5 vol. % ferrite, austenite, and steadite, based on the total volume of said matrix.
5. The piston ring of claim 4 wherein said cast iron has an average carbon equivalent of 3.8.
6. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron has an average carbon equivalent of 3.4 to 4.2.
7. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron includes, in wt. % of said cast iron, 0.3 to 0.5 wt. % molybdenum.
8. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron includes, in wt. % of said cast iron, nickel in an amount not greater than 0.22 wt. % nickel.
9. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron includes, in wt. % of said cast iron, 0.25 to 0.65 wt. % chromium.
10. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron includes 2.4 to 2.8 wt. % carbon; 3.4 to 3.8 wt. % silicon; 0.8 to 1.0 wt. % copper; 1.1 to 1.3 wt. % manganese; 0.10 to 0.12 wt. % sulfur; 0.3 to 0.55 wt. % chromium; 0.34 to 0.39 wt. % molybdenum; 0.04 to 0.08 wt. % titanium; 0.07 to 0.09 wt. % phosphorous; 0.10 to 0.25 wt. % nickel; not greater than 0.15 wt. % niobium; not greater than 0.45 wt. % tungsten; not greater than 0.08 wt. % boron; not greater than 0.17 wt. % vanadium; and at least 75.0 wt. % iron.
11. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron presents a bottom surface and an oppositely facing top surface extending circumferentially around a center axis, an inner diameter surface facing toward said center axis and an oppositely facing outer diameter surface each extending longitudinally from said bottom surface to said top surface, and said outer diameter surface and said inner diameter surface extending circumferentially around said center axis.
12. The piston ring of claim 11 wherein said cast iron presents an oil groove formed in at least one of said surfaces.
13. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron includes 2.67 to 2.68 wt. % carbon; 3.87 to 4.11 wt. % silicon; 0.89 to 0.91 wt. % copper; 1.2 to 1.26 wt. % manganese; 0.10 to 0.11 wt. % sulfur; 0.38 to 0.52 wt. % chromium; 0.38 wt. % molybdenum; 0.05 wt. % titanium; 0.01 wt. % phosphorous; 0.17 to 0.18 wt. % nickel; 0.1 to 0.11 wt. % niobium; 0.01 to 0.26 wt. % tungsten; 0.03 to 0.16 wt. % vanadium; and the remainder iron.
14. The piston ring of claim 1 wherein said cast iron presents a bottom surface and an oppositely facing top surface extending circumferentially around a center axis, an inner diameter surface facing toward said center axis and an oppositely facing outer diameter surface for contacting the cylinder wall and each extending longitudinally from said bottom surface to said top surface, said outer diameter surface and said inner diameter surface extending circumferentially around said center axis, and an oil grove formed in at least one of said surfaces;
said cast iron further including, in weight percent (wt. %) of said cast iron, 0.25 to 0.65 wt. % chromium, 0.3 to 0.5 wt. % molybdenum, 0.03 to 0.09 wt. % titanium, not greater than 0.2 wt. % niobium, not greater than 0.5 wt. % tungsten, not greater than 0.1 wt. % boron, not greater than 0.2 wt. % vanadium, not greater than 0.25 wt. % nickel, and the remainder consisting essentially of iron;
said cast iron having a carbon equivalent of 3.9 to 4.2;
said cast iron having eutectic temperature of 1145 to 1155° F.;
said cast iron further including graphite dispersed throughout said matrix;
said matrix comprising, in volume percent (vol. %) of said matrix, said martensite in an amount of 80 to 90 vol. % and said MnS in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 vol. %;
said cast iron matrix being fee of ferrite, austenite, and steadite;
said cast iron having a bending strength of 750 to 1000 MPa;
said cast iron having a Brinell Hardness Number of 330 to 360 BHN;
said cast iron having a Rockwell Hardness B Scale value of 100 to 115 HRB; and
said cast iron having an elastic modulus of 115 to 160 GPa.