Gas generators, launch tubes including gas generators and related systems and methods
View Patent ↗Gas generators may be utilized for launching a projectile. Launch tubes may include gas generators. Methods of launching a projectile may include utilizing gas generators to impart an initial velocity to a projectile.
1. A gas generator for use in launching a projectile, comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis and configured to be used with a launch tube for the projectile, the housing comprising:
a first plenum;
a second plenum adjacent to the first plenum;
a first plurality of apertures in the housing extending from the first plenum to the second plenum in a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the housing; and
a second plurality of apertures in the housing, the second plurality of apertures extending from the second plenum to an exterior portion of the housing in a second direction along the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein the gas generator is configured to form a plurality of propulsive jets exiting the gas generator through the second plurality of apertures in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing of the gas generator to launch the projectile, wherein the second plenum of the gas generator is in unrestricted communication with the second plurality of apertures to enable gas within the second plenum of the gas generator to freely exit the gas generator via the second plurality of apertures as the plurality of propulsive jets;
at least one propellant positioned within the first plenum of the housing; and
an initiator for igniting the at least one propellant, the initiator positioned proximate to the at least one propellant in the housing.
2. The gas generator of claim 1 , wherein the first plenum is positioned at a central portion of the housing.
3. The gas generator of claim 1 , wherein the housing has an outer surface sized and configured to be positioned adjacent to and engage with an inner surface of the launch tube when the gas generator is disposed within the launch tube.
4. The gas generator of claim 1 , wherein the housing comprises:
an outer housing; and
an inner housing disposed at least partially within the outer housing, wherein the first plenum is located within the inner housing, wherein the second plenum is located between the inner housing and the outer housing, and wherein the first plurality of apertures and the second plurality of apertures are located in the inner housing.
5. The gas generator of claim 4 , wherein the second plurality of apertures in the inner housing are located to form a ring of apertures about the longitudinal axis of the housing.
6. The gas generator of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of each of the first plurality of apertures is less than a diameter of each of the second plurality of apertures.
7. The gas generator of claim 1 , further comprising a burst foil disposed between the at least one propellant and each aperture of the first plurality of apertures.
8. A launch tube assembly, comprising:
a tube containing at least one projectile; and
the gas generator of claim 1 disposed within the tube adjacent the at least one projectile.
9. A method of launching a projectile using the gas generator of claim 1 adjacent a projectile in a launch tube, the method comprising:
providing the gas generator of claim 1 ;
igniting the at least one propellant with the initiator;
combusting at least a portion of the at least one propellant to form a gas;
flowing the gas through the first plurality of apertures formed in the housing surrounding the first plenum in the first direction to the second plenum; and
flowing the gas through the second plurality of apertures formed in the housing in the second direction to form the plurality of propulsive jets exiting from the housing; and
imparting an initial velocity to the projectile with the plurality of propulsive jets.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising retaining the gas in the first plenum with a burst foil until the gas reaches a predetermined pressure within the first plenum.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising introducing the gas into the second plenum to reduce the pressure of the gas.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising reorienting flow of the gas from the first direction to the second direction that is transverse to the first direction.
13. The method of claim 9 , further comprising forming the plurality of propulsive jets in a ring extending about the longitudinal axis of the housing of the gas generator at an exit portion of the gas generator.
14. A gas generator for use in launching a projectile, comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis and configured to be used with a launch tube for the projectile, the housing comprising:
a first plenum positioned at a central portion of the housing;
a second plenum adjacent to the first plenum;
a first plurality of apertures in the housing extending from the first plenum to the second plenum in a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the housing; and
a second plurality of apertures in the housing, the second plurality of apertures extending from the second plenum to an exterior portion of the housing in a second direction along the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein the gas generator is configured to form a plurality of propulsive jets exiting the gas generator through the second plurality of apertures in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing of the gas generator to launch the projectile, wherein the second plenum substantially surrounds the first plenum, and wherein the second plenum is substantially free of a combustible gas generating material immediately prior to ignition of the gas generator;
at least one propellant positioned within the first plenum of the housing; and
an initiator for igniting the at least one propellant, the initiator positioned proximate to the at least one propellant in the housing.
15. The gas generator of claim 14 , wherein the housing has a substantially cylindrical shape.
16. A gas generator for use in launching a projectile, comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis and configured to be used with a launch tube for the projectile, the housing comprising:
a first plenum;
a second plenum adjacent to the first plenum;
a first plurality of apertures in the housing extending from the first plenum to the second plenum in a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the housing;
a second plurality of apertures in the housing, the second plurality of apertures extending from the second plenum to an exterior portion of the housing in a second direction along the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein the gas generator is configured to form a plurality of propulsive jets exiting the gas generator through the second plurality of apertures in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing of the gas generator to launch the projectile;
at least one propellant positioned within the first plenum of the housing;
an initiator for igniting the at least one propellant, the initiator positioned proximate to the at least one propellant in the housing; and
a shock attenuator comprising a shield positioned within the at least one propellant and disposed between the initiator and at least a portion of the at least one propellant.
17. The gas generator of claim 16 , further comprising an explosive booster disposed between the initiator and at least a portion of the at least one propellant.
18. A gas generator for use in launching a projectile, comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis, the housing comprising:
a first plenum;
a second plenum adjacent to the first plenum;
a first plurality of apertures in the housing extending from the first plenum to the second plenum in a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the housing; and
a second plurality of apertures in the housing, the second plurality of apertures extending from the second plenum to an exterior portion of the housing in a second direction along the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein the gas generator is configured to enable gas within the second plenum to exit the second plenum unrestricted through the second plurality of apertures in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing of the gas generator to form a plurality of propulsive jets exiting the gas generator and to launch the projectile;
at least one propellant positioned within the first plenum of the housing; and
an initiator for igniting the at least one propellant, the initiator positioned proximate to the at least one propellant in the housing.
19. A gas generator for use in launching a projectile, comprising:
a housing having a longitudinal axis, the housing comprising:
a first plenum;
a second plenum adjacent to the first plenum;
a first plurality of apertures in the housing extending from the first plenum to the second plenum in a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the housing; and
a second plurality of apertures in the housing, the second plurality of apertures extending from the second plenum to an exterior portion of the housing in a second direction along the longitudinal axis of the housing;
at least one propellant positioned within the first plenum of the housing, wherein the second plenum is substantially free of a propellant prior to ignition of the gas generator; and
an initiator for igniting the at least one propellant, the initiator positioned proximate to the at least one propellant in the housing.