Luminescence based sensor

1. A sensor comprising:

a detector;

a substrate arranged above the detector, the substrate having a first surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface and having a ring lens formed therein, the first surface having at least one sensor site provided thereon, the substrate configured such that on excitation of a sample provided at the sensor site, luminescence originating from the sensor site propagates into the substrate, the ring lens formed in the second surface of the substrate configured to selectively transmit the luminescence propagating within the substrate at angles greater than the critical angle out of the substrate; and

a separate reflective optical element comprising a conical mirror being circularly symmetric when viewed along an axis passing through the at least one sensor site and which is perpendicular to the first surface and the second surface of the substrate, the conical mirror being co-operatively arranged with the substrate to provide for redirection of the transmitted light towards the detector where the transmitted light is detected, the ring lens and conical mirror being arranged relative to one another such that the light operably exits the substrate through the ring lens and is collimated by the conical mirror prior to detection by the detector,

and wherein the second surface of the ring lens defines a recess within which a co-operable protrusion of a surface of the reflective optical element is receivable.

2. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the second surface is configured to effect a transmission of the luminescence propagating within the substrates at angles greater than the critical angle out of the substrate through a refraction process.

3. The sensor of claim 1 further comprising a focusing lens provided to focus light reflected by the conical mirror onto the detector.

4. A sensor comprising:

a detector;

a substrate arranged above the detector, the substrate having a first surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface and having a ring optical element formed therein, the first surface having at least one sensor site provided thereon, the substrate being configured such that on excitation of a sample provided at the sensor site, luminescence originating from the sensor site propagates into the substrate, the ring optical element formed in the second surface of the substrate being configured to selectively transmit the luminescence propagating within the substrate at angles greater than the critical angle out of the substrate; and

a reflective optical element co-operatively arranged with the substrate to provide for redirection of the transmitted light towards the detector where it is detected,

and wherein the reflective optical element defines a paraboloidal element, the ring optical element and the reflective optical element being configured to inter-engage with one another and wherein the second surface of the ring optical element defines a recess within which a co-operable protrusion formed on a surface of the reflective optical element is receivable.

5. The sensor of claim 4 wherein the recess defines an exit face which is substantially parallel with an entry face of the protrusion defined in the reflective optical element.

6. The sensor of claim 5 wherein the reflective optical element is configured such that on receipt of light transmitted out of the ring optical element through the entry face, the light propagates internally within the reflective optical element until it is totally internally reflected against a paraboloidal side wall of the reflective optical element which effects a redirection of the light towards the detector.

7. The sensor of claim 6 wherein the paraboloidal side wall is orientated relative to the propagation path of the light such that the light, on reflection by the paraboloidal wall is totally internally reflected and redirected downwardly in a substantially collimated form.

8. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the first surface is substantially continuously planar.

9. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the second surface comprises one or more perturbations defined therein, the perturbations providing for a selective transmission of the luminescence propagating within the substrates at angles greater than the supercritical angle out of the substrate.

10. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the luminescence propagating within the substrates at angles greater than the supercritical angle is a fluorescence signal.

11. The sensor of claim 1 wherein the luminescence propagating within the substrates at angles greater than the supercritical angle is a chemi-luminescence signal or an electro-luminescence signal.

12. The sensor of claim 1 configured for use with a detector provided below the substrate.

13. The sensor of claim 12 comprising an excitation source configured for use with an excitation source provided below the substrate.

14. The sensor of claim 1 comprising a plurality of sensor sites, each of the sensor sites providing a bio-recognition site.

15. A sensor comprising:

a first optical element comprising a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface having at least one sensor site provided thereon, the substrate configured such that on excitation of a sample provided at the sensor site, luminescence originating from the sensor site propagates into the substrate, the second surface of the substrate comprising a ring lens configured to selectively transmit the luminescence propagating within the substrate at angles greater than the critical angle out of the substrate where it is detected by a detector provided below the substrate; and

a second optical element comprising a conical mirror, the second optical element being arranged relative to the first optical element to effect a reflection and collimation of light exiting the substrate towards the detector,

and wherein the second surface of the ring lens defines a recess within which a co-operable protrusion formed on a surface of the second optical element is receivable.

16. The sensor of claim 15 further comprising a focusing lens provided to focus light reflected by the second optical element onto the detector.

17. A sensor comprising:

a first optical element comprising a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface having at least one sensor site provided thereon, the substrate being configured such that on excitation of a sample provided at the sensor site, luminescence originating from the sensor site propagates into the substrate, the second surface of the substrate being configured to selectively transmit the luminescence propagating within the substrate at angles greater than the critical angle out of the substrate where it is detected by a detector provided below the substrate; and

a second optical element defining a paraboloidal element, the first and second optical elements being configured to inter-engage with one another, the second optical element being arranged relative to the first optical element to effect a reflection and collimation of light exiting the substrate towards the detector and wherein the second surface of the first optical element defines a recess within which a co-operable protrusion formed on a surface of the second optical element is receivable.

18. The sensor of claim 17 wherein the recess defines an exit face which is substantially parallel with an entry face of the protrusion defined in the second optical element.

19. The sensor of claim 18 wherein the second optical element is configured such that on receipt of light transmitted out of the first optical element through the entry face, the light propagates internally within the second optical element until it is totally internally reflected against a paraboloidal side wall of the second optical element which effects a redirection of the light towards the detector.

20. The sensor of claim 19 wherein the paraboloidal side wall is orientated relative to the propagation path of the light such that the light, on reflection by the paraboloidal wall is totally internally reflected and redirected downwardly in a substantially collimated form.