Illumination device with waveguide and LEDs
The invention relates to an illumination device ( 1 ) comprising an optical waveguide ( 2 ) and a number of (connections for) light sources ( 3 )—especially LEDs—positioned along the waveguide ( 3 ). This waveguide has a central axis ( 4 ) at a distance r to the surface of the waveguide, said surface comprising a light entrance surface ( 6 ) on which the (connections for) light sources are positioned and a curved light exit surface ( 5 ), wherein, viewed along the circumference of the curved surface ( 5 ), the distance r to a first intersection ( 8 ) between the flat surface ( 6 ) and the curved surface ( 5 ), changes to a second distance of different value at the second intersection ( 9 ) between said surfaces. The invention also relates to a luminaire comprising such an illumination device ( 1 ). Due to the special design of the waveguide ( 2 ), the amount of reflections of light in the light sources is largely reduced and desired shaping of the exiting beam can be realized. The device can be further improved by the use of special features, like specially designed curved surfaces ( 5 ), reflective structures ( 13 ), channels ( 15 ) and torus-shaped waveguides.
1. An illumination device comprising an oblong optical waveguide and at least one light source positioned along the waveguide, said waveguide having a central axis at distance r to an outer surface of the waveguide, said outer surface comprising a light entrance surface on which the at least one light source is positioned and a curved light exit surface having a non-circular circumference,
wherein, viewed along the circumference of the curved light exit surface, a first distance from the central axis to a first intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a first value, and a second distance from the central axis to a second intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a second value different from the first value, such that, during operation of the device, light escapes from the waveguide through the curved light exit surface in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the waveguide,
wherein the light exit surface is structured such that, during operation of the device, the light, prior to escaping from the waveguide, both propagates around the central axis and is displaced in a direction parallel to the central axis.
2. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide comprises a channel extending substantially parallel to the central axis.
3. The illumination device according to claim 2 , wherein an axis of the channel and the central axis of the waveguide do not coincide.
4. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the tangents to the curved light exit surface at both the first and second intersections are parallel to the normal to the light entrance surface.
5. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the distance r measured along the curved light exit surface continuously changes from said first value to said second value.
6. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is provided with a light reflective structure.
7. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide further comprises another light entrance surface, said light entrance surfaces being located at substantially opposite locations of the waveguide.
8. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the waveguide comprises a solid rod formed of optically transparent material.
9. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the angle formed by the normal to the light entrance surface and the tangent to the curved light exit surface at the first intersection is less than 20°, and the angle formed by the normal to the light entrance surface and the tangent to the curved light exit surface at the second intersection is less than 20°.
10. The illumination device according to claim 1 , wherein the light exit surface is structured such that, during operation of the device, said light, prior to escaping from the waveguide, propagates around the central axis a plurality of times during the displacement in the direction parallel to the central axis.
11. An illumination device, comprising:
an oblong optical waveguide comprising an outer surface and a central axis at different relative distances to the outer surface, the outer surface comprising a curved light emitting surface and a light entrance surface, and the central axis provided along a length of the optical waveguide; and
at least one light source positioned along the optical waveguide on the light entrance surface,
wherein a first distance from the central axis to a first intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light emitting surface is different from a second distance from the central axis to a second intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light emitting surface, such that, during operation of the illumination device, light is internally reflected within the optical waveguide before escaping from the optical waveguide through the curved light emitting surface,
wherein the light emitting surface is structured such that, during operation of the device, the light, prior to escaping from the waveguide, both propagates around the central axis and is displaced in a direction parallel to the central axis.
12. The illumination device of claim 11 , wherein the light escapes from the optical waveguide via the curved light emitting surface in a plane substantially perpendicular to the central axis.
13. The illumination device of claim 11 , wherein the light emitting curved surface has a non-circular circumference.
14. The illumination device according to claim 11 , wherein the tangents to the curved light emitting surface at both the first and second intersections are parallel to the normal to the light entrance surface.
15. The illumination device according to claim 11 , wherein the angle formed by the normal to the light entrance surface and the tangent to the curved light emitting surface at the first intersection is less than 20°, and the angle formed by the normal to the light entrance surface and the tangent to the curved light emitting surface at the second intersection is less than 20°.
16. An illumination device, comprising:
an optical waveguide having a central axis extending through the waveguide at distance r to an outer surface of the waveguide, the outer surface comprising a light entrance surface and a curved light exit surface having a non-circular circumference; and
at least one light source positioned along the optical waveguide on the light entrance surface,
wherein, viewed along the circumference of the curved light exit surface, a first distance from the central axis to a first intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a first value, and a second distance from the central axis to a second intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a second value different from the first value, such that, during operation of the device, light escapes from the waveguide through the curved light exit surface in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the waveguide,
wherein the waveguide is torus-shaped, and
wherein the light exit surface is structured such that, during operation of the device, the light, prior to escaping from the waveguide, both propagates around the central axis and is displaced in a direction parallel to the central axis.
17. The illumination device according to claim 16 , wherein the light entrance surface is disposed at an inner circumference of said torus-shaped optical waveguide.
18. An illumination device comprising an oblong optical waveguide and at least one light source positioned along the waveguide, said waveguide having a central axis at distance r to an outer surface of the waveguide, said outer surface comprising a light entrance surface on which the at least one light source is positioned and a curved light exit surface having a non-circular circumference,
wherein, viewed along the circumference of the curved light exit surface, a first distance from the central axis to a first intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a first value, and a second distance from the central axis to a second intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a second value different from the first value, such that, during operation of the device, light escapes from the waveguide through the curved light exit surface in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the waveguide,
wherein at least part of the curved light exit surface corresponds to equation r(θ)=a+bθ, when describing said curved light exit surface in polar coordinates, wherein a and b are constants, θ is an angle about said central axis, and b is nonzero.
19. An illumination device comprising an oblong optical waveguide and at least one light source positioned along the waveguide, said waveguide having a central axis at distance r to an outer surface of the waveguide, said outer surface comprising a light entrance surface on which the at least one light source is positioned and a curved light exit surface having a non-circular circumference,
wherein, viewed along the circumference of the curved light exit surface, a first distance from the central axis to a first intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a first value, and a second distance from the central axis to a second intersection formed by the light entrance surface and the curved light exit surface has a second value different from the first value, such that, during operation of the device, light escapes from the waveguide through the curved light exit surface in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the waveguide,
wherein at least part of the curved light exit surface corresponds to the equation r(ε)=a+ε[b+c.exp(−d.(φ−θ) 2 )], when describing said curved light exit surface in polar coordinates, wherein a, b, c and d are constants, θ is an angle about said central axis, φ denotes a position on said curved light exit surface, and at least one of b or c is nonzero.