Direction finding using antenna array rotation
View Patent ↗A direction finding system for finding the angle of arrival of a target signal from a transmitter. The system includes a plurality of directional antennas positioned to face different directions for receiving the target signal. The antennas are mounted as an antenna array on a rotatable mount for supporting and rotating the antenna array. A receiver unit down converts the RF target signal to IF signals that are digitized by an A/D converter providing digital values. A computer computes the power in the signals from the A/D samples. A computer stores calibration information for the directional antennas, processes the digital values and the calibration information to determine a rotation angle α for rotating the antennas to provide new digital values, processes the new digital values and the calibration information to determine an intersection angle, and subtracts the rotation angle from the intersection angle to determine the final value for the angle of arrival of the target signal.
1. A direction finding system for finding the angle of arrival AOA of a target signal from a transmitter comprising,
an antenna array unit including a plurality of directional antennas positioned to face different directions for receiving the target signal,
a rotatable mount for supporting and rotating the antenna array unit,
a receiver unit connected to the directional antennas for providing digital values representing the target signal, and
a computer for,
storing calibration information for the directional antennas,
processing the digital values and the calibration information to determine a rotation angle α for rotating the antenna array,
commanding the rotatable mount to rotate by the rotation angle α to cause the receiver unit to provide new digital values,
processing the new digital values and the calibration information to determine an intersection angle, and
subtracting the rotation angle from the intersection angle to determine a final value for the angle of arrival of the target signal.
2. The direction finding system of claim 1 wherein the calibration information is calibrated power difference, ΔPowerCal, values determined for a pair of adjacent antennas and the digital values and the new digital values are processed to form power difference, ΔPower, values for the pair of adjacent antennas.
3. The direction finding system of claim 2 wherein the rotatable mount, when rotated by the rotation angle α, rotates the antenna array unit to a region where the ΔPowerCal values are free of ambiguities.
4. The direction finding system of claim 3 wherein the rotatable mount, when rotated by the rotation angle α rotates the antenna array unit to an angle where the ΔPowerCal values exhibit a long, steep and smooth slope.
5. The direction finding system of claim 1 wherein the receiver unit includes one or more receivers that connect to the directional antennas through a switch and where the switch connects different ones of the directional antennas to the one or more receivers at different times whereby the one or more receivers process the outputs from the connected ones of the directional antennas.
6. The direction finding system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array unit includes N antennas and wherein the computer executes a find antennas, getAntennas, routine to process digital values for the N antennas to determine a first antenna as having the highest power signal and to determine a second antenna, adjacent the first antenna, having the next highest power signal.
7. The direction finding system of claim 6 wherein the calibration information for the first antenna and the second antenna is retrieved by the computer and processed to form calibrated power difference, ΔPowerCal, values and wherein the computer executes a find good angles, findGoodCalAngles, routine to find a good region of ΔPowerCal values free of ambiguities.
8. The direction finding system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array unit includes six antennas arrayed at 60° intervals to cover a 360° angular range for receiving the target signal.
9. The direction finding system of claim 1 wherein the system further includes, a receiver in the receiver unit for receiving radio frequency, RF, signals from the directional antennas to provide intermediate frequency, IF, signals in response to receiving the target signal, and wherein the system further includes in the receiver unit a converter for providing digital signals from the IF signals and wherein the computer calculates power difference, ΔPower, values from the digital signals.
10. The direction finding system of claim 1 wherein,
the receiver unit includes,
a receiver for receiving radio frequency, RF, signals including the target signal from the directional antennas and providing intermediate frequency, IF, signals in response to receiving the target signal at the antenna array unit,
an analog-to-digital, A/D, converter for digitizing the IF signals to form received digital A/D values as a digital-time-waveform representation of the IF signals and the target signal,
the computer includes and executes the following routines:
multiplying the A/D values by a window function for selection of a window of A/D values as real A/D values,
processing the real A/D values with a fast Fourier transform, FFT, to form complex values having real parts I and imaginary parts Q in FFT bins,
summing the real parts I and imaginary parts Q to form 10*log 10 {Σ(I 2 +Q 2 )} signal power values over the FFT bins,
calculating ΔPower values as the difference of the signal power values for the receiver unit digital values and the receiver unit new digital values.
11. The direction finding system of claim 1 wherein,
the antenna array unit includes a switch connected for selecting radio frequency, RF, outputs from two or more of the plurality of directional antennas,
the receiver unit includes one or more receivers for receiving the RF outputs from the switch.
12. The direction finding system of claim 11 wherein the antenna array unit includes six antennas, the receiver unit includes one receiver and the switch operates to connect the six antennas one at a time to the receiver.
13. A direction finding system for finding the angle of arrival of a target signal comprising,
an antenna array unit including a plurality of directional antennas positioned to face different angular directions for receiving the target signal over a 360° angular range,
a rotatable mount for supporting and rotating the antenna array unit,
a receiver unit including,
a receiver for receiving radio frequency, RF, signals including the target signal from the directional antennas and providing intermediate frequency, IF, signals in response to receiving the target signal at the antenna array unit,
an analog-to-digital, A/D, converter for digitizing the IF signals to form received digital values as a digital-time-waveform representation of the IF signals and the target signal, and
a computer for,
storing calibration information for the directional antennas as a function of angular direction and providing calibrated power difference, ΔPowerCal, values for a pair of the antennas,
calculating a power difference, ΔPower, value from the received digital values for the pair of antennas for the target signal,
comparing the ΔPower value with the ΔPowerCal values to determine a rotation angle for rotating the antenna array unit,
commanding the rotatable mount to rotate by the rotation angle to cause the receiver unit to provide new received digital values,
calculating a new ΔPower value from the new digital values,
interpolating the ΔPowerCal values to determine the intersection angle where the new ΔPower value intersects the ΔPowerCal values, and
subtracting the rotation angle from the intersection angle to determine a final value for the angle of arrival of the target signal.