Secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus

1. A secondary battery comprising:

a cathode;

an anode; and

a gel electrolyte, wherein

the gel electrolyte includes an electrolytic solution and a polymer, and

the electrolytic solution includes 0.1 weight percent to 5 weight percent of an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by Formula (3),

where each of R7 to R10 is one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; and any two or more of the R7 to the R10 may be bonded to one another.

2. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein

the halogen group is one of a fluorine group, a chlorine group, a bromine group, and an iodine group, and

the monovalent hydrocarbon group, the monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, the monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, and the monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group with carbon number from 1 to 12 both inclusive, an alkenyl group with carbon number from 2 to 12 both inclusive, an alkynyl group with carbon number from 2 to 12 both inclusive, an aryl group with carbon number from 6 to 18 both inclusive, a cycloalkyl group with carbon number from 3 to 18 both inclusive, an alkoxy group with carbon number from 1 to 12 both inclusive, a group obtained by bonding two or more thereof, and a group obtained by substituting each of part or all of hydrogen groups thereof by a halogen group.

3. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate is represented by one of the following Formula (1-32) to Formula (1-56),

4. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.

5. A battery pack comprising:

a secondary battery;

a control section controlling a used state of the secondary battery; and

a switch section switching the used state of the secondary battery according to an instruction of the control section, wherein

the secondary battery includes

a cathode,

an anode, and

a gel electrolyte,

the gel electrolyte includes an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound, and

the electrolytic solution includes 0.1 weight percent to 5 weight percent of an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by Formula (3),

where each of R7 to R10 is one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; and any two or more of the R7 to the R10 may be bonded to one another.

6. An electric vehicle comprising:

a secondary battery;

a conversion section converting electric power supplied from the secondary battery into drive power;

a drive section operating according to the drive power; and

a control section controlling a used state of the secondary battery, wherein

the secondary battery includes

a cathode,

an anode, and

a gel electrolyte,

the gel electrolyte includes an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound, and

the electrolytic solution includes 0.1 weight percent to 5 weight percent of an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by Formula (3),

where each of R7 to R10 is one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; and any two or more of the R7 to the R10 may be bonded to one another.

7. An electric power storage system comprising:

a secondary battery;

one or more electric devices supplied with electric power from the secondary battery; and

a control section controlling the supplying of the electric power from the secondary battery to the one or more electric devices, wherein

the secondary battery includes

a cathode,

an anode, and

a gel electrolyte,

the gel electrolyte includes an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound, and

the electrolytic solution includes 0.1 weight percent to 5 weight percent of an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by Formula (3),

where each of R7 to R10 is one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; and any two or more of the R7 to the R10 may be bonded to one another.

8. An electric power tool comprising:

a secondary battery; and

a movable section being supplied with electric power from the secondary battery, wherein

the secondary battery includes

a cathode,

an anode, and

a gel electrolyte,

the gel electrolyte includes an electrolytic solution and a polymer compound, and

the electrolytic solution includes 0.1 weight percent to 5 weight percent of an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by Formula (3),

where each of R7 to R10 is one of a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, and a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group; and any two or more of the R7 to the R10 may be bonded to one another.

9. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride and a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoro propylene.

10. The secondary battery according to claim 9 , wherein the polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride.

11. The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolytic solution consists of the unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate and at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate.