Multifunctional hyperbranched organic intercalating agent, method for its manufacture and its use
A facile synthesis of amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers consisting of poly(amic acid) and polyimide was developed via “A 2 +B 3 ” approach from difunctional anhydride and trifunctional hydrophilic poly(oxyalkylene)triamine. Various amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(amic acid)s (HBPAAs) with terminal amine functionalities and amic acid structures were prepared through ring-opening polyaddition at room temperature, followed by thermal imidization process for the formation of hyperbranched polyimides (HBPIs), accordingly. The resulting HBPIs were analyzed by GPC, indicating the molecule weights of 5000˜7000 g/mol with a distribution of polydispersity between 2.0 and 3.8. The amine titration for HBPIs indicated the peripheral total-amine contents to be 8.32˜18.32 mequiv/g dependent on compositions.
1. A method for manufacturing a multi-functional, hyperbranched organic intercalating agent comprising synthesizing hydropholic triamine with polyoxyalkylene segmented chains and difunctional di-anhydride to form an A 2 B 3 structure of hyperbranched polymeric intercalating agent with poly(amic acid) and polyimide,
wherein the hydropholic triamine and the difunctional di-anhydride are synthesized at a temperature below room temperature;
a total concentration of the hydropholic triamine and the difunctional di-anhydride in a solvent during synthesis is from 0.05 M to 0.09 M;
before being synthesized with the bydropholic triamine, the difunctional di-anhydride is pretreated for lowering degree of hydrolysis and the pretreatment included thermal cylization or chemical imidization, and
after the hydropholic triamine and the difunctional di-anhydride forming the intercalating agent, the intercalating agent being ionized and forming micelles in an aqueous phase.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the hydropholic triamine is poly(oxypropylene)triamine represented by the following formula:
wherein a=4˜5, 16˜17 or 27˜28;
the difunctional di-anhydride is selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxilic dianhydride (BTDA), 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA) while said 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) is represented by the following formula:
and
the molar ratio of the hydropholic triamine and the difunctional di-anhydride in the synthetic reaction is from 0.7:1 to 2:1.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein synthesizing the hydropholic triamine and difunctional di-anhydride is conducted in a solvent and the solvent is anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc); and the method further comprises a step of removing the solvent after the synthesis and the step of removing the solvent includes using distillation at reduced pressure and then drying to obtain the A 2 B 3 structure of hyperbranched polymeric intercalating agent that is hyperbranched poly(amic acid) (HBPAA) in orange color.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein synthesizing the hydropholic triamine and difunctional di-anhydride is conducted in a solvent and the solvent is anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc); and the method further comprises a step of removing the solvent after the synthesis and the step of removing the solvent includes using thermal imidization followed by distillation at reduced pressure and drying to obtain the A 2 B 3 structure of hyperbranched polymeric intercalating agent that is hyperbranched polyimide (HBPI) in dark yellow color.
5. A multi-functional, hyperbranched organic intercalating agent synthesized by reacting hydropholic triamine having polyoxyalkylene segmented chains with difunctional di-anhydride to form an A 2 B 3 structure of hyperbranched polymeric intercalating agent with poly(amic acid) and polyimide, and the intercalating agent being ionized and forming micelles in an aqueous phase; the intercalating agent comprising:
amine (NH 2 ) equivalents determined by amine titration, which are between 8.32 mequiv/g and 18.32 mequiv/g;
GPC molecular weight (M w ) between 5000 g/mol and 7000 g/mol; and
polydispersity index (PDI) between 2.0 and 3.8; and
the intercalating agent in micelle form has particle size between 5 and 400.
6. A method for modifying a 2D layered material by using a multifunctional hyperbranched organic intercalating agent synthesized by reacting hydropholic triamine having polyoxyalkylene segmented chains with difunctional di-anhydride to form an A 2 B 3 structure of hyperbranched polymeric intercalating agent with poly(amic acid) and polyimide, comprising
neutralizing the intercalating agent with an inorganic acid or inorganic base leading to ionization to form an ionized amphiphilic hyperbranched organic polymer;
allowing the ionized amphiphilic hyperbranched organic polymer to form micelles in an aqueous phase; and
mixing the ionized amphiphilic hyperbranched organic polymer and an untreated 2D layered material for intercalation to obtain a modified 2D layered material.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein
said inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid;
said inorganic base is hydroxide or chloride of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals;
the molar ratio of the untreated 2D layered material and the ionized amphiphilic hyperbranched organic polymer is from 1:1 to 1:9;
the ionized amphiphilic hyperbranched organic polymer is mixed with the untreated 2D layered material in an aprotic polar hydrophilic co-solvent selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylfomamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP); and
the untreated 2D layered material is selected from the group consisting of graphite oxide, montmorillonite, mica, kaolinite, vermiculite and layered double hydroxides (LDHs).
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the untreated 2D layered material is graphite oxide obtained by oxidation of high purity graphite powders as raw materials according to the Hummers-Offeman method;
when the hyperbranched poly(amic acid) (HBPAA) intercalates the graphite oxide in a weight ratio of 1:3, the graphite oxide effectively achieves disordered exfoliation;
when the hyperbranched polyimide (HBPI) intercalates the graphite oxide in a weight ratio of 1:7, the graphite oxide effectively achieves disordered exfoliation.
9. A method of using the multifunctional hyperbranched organic intercalating agent as claimed in claim 1 , comprising the use of the multifunctional hyperbranched organic intercalating agent in a nanocapsule, molecular self-assembly, drug carrier or drug tracer, wherein the multifunctional hyperbranched organic intercalating agent forms nanomicelles with particle size between 5 nm and 400 nm in acidic or alkaline conditions.