Cooling tower with indirect heat exchanger
A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section and a direct evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section is usually located above the direct evaporative heat exchange section, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid that exits the indirect evaporative heat exchange section then passes downwardly across and through the direct heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the indirect heat exchange section. The indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate type heat exchanger. An improved heat exchange apparatus is provided with indirect evaporative heat exchange section consisting of a plate type heat exchanger which provides more surface area per volume compared to other designs. The indirect plate style heat exchanger may be combined with one or more direct evaporative heat exchange sections in multiple arrangements.
1. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing a direct evaporative heat exchange section and an indirect heat exchange section,
the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of pathways,
the direct heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet, and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section being placed generally above the direct heat exchange section,
distributing an evaporative liquid generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section such that indirect heat exchange occurs between the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways and the evaporative liquid,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect section, and
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the direct section,
the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section exchanging both heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the indirect heat exchange section and hence indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirect section,
the air moving through the direct heat exchange section exchanging heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the direct heat exchange section,
distributing substantially all of the evaporative liquid leaving the indirect heat exchange section generally downward onto the direct heat exchange section,
wherein the indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate type heat exchanger,
the plate type heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of first series of flow passages and a second series of flow passages,
an inlet header and an outlet header operatively connected to the first series of flow passages such that the fluid stream can pass into the first series of flow passages and out from the first series of flow passages,
the second series of flow passages arranged such that the evaporative liquid can pass through the second series of flow passages and such that the air moving through the indirect section passes through the second series of flow passages.
2. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , further comprising:
collecting substantially all of the evaporative liquid that exits the direct heat exchange section, and
pumping the collected evaporative liquid upwardly such that it can be distributed generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section.
3. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
4. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally cross-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
5. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air moving through the direct heat exchange section moves generally cross-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the direct heat exchange section.
6. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein in the plate type heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes
forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
each plate cassette in the series of adjacent plate cassettes includes an enhanced surface pattern to increase plate surface area, to increase the sensible heat transfer from the fluid stream within the closed loop first series of flow passages to the evaporative liquid, and to increase the sensible and latent heat transfer from the evaporative liquid to the air moving through the second series of flow passages in the plate type heat exchanger.
7. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein in the plate type heat exchange comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes
forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
a second inlet header and a second outlet header are operatively connected to a third series of closed loop flow passages in the plate heat exchanger such that a second fluid stream can pass into the third series of flow passages and out from the third series of flow passages.
8. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 wherein two direct heat exchange sections and two indirect heat exchange sections are provided, with one indirect heat exchange section located generally above one direct heat exchange section, with the second indirect heat exchange section located generally above the second direct heat exchange section.
9. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein two direct heat exchange sections are provided, with the indirect heat exchange section located generally above both direct heat exchange sections.
10. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
11. The method of exchanging heat of claim 1 wherein the air moving through the direct heat exchange section moves generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the direct heat exchange section.
12. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing a direct evaporative heat exchange section and an indirect heat exchange section,
the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of pathways,
the direct heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet, and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet,
the indirect heat exchange section being placed generally above the direct heat exchange section,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect section, and moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the direct section,
the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirect section,
wherein the indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate type heat exchange assembly,
the plate type heat exchange assembly comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes
forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of flow passages and a second series of flow passages,
an inlet header and
an outlet header operatively connected to the first series of flow passages such that the fluid stream can pass into the first series of flow passages and out from the first series of flow passages,
the second series of flow passages arranged such that the air moving through the indirect section passes through the second series of flow passages.
13. The method of exchanging heat of claim 12 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally counter-current to the direction of flow of the fluid stream through the indirect heat exchange section.
14. The method of exchanging heat of claim 12 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally cross-current to the direction of flow of the fluid stream.
15. The method of exchanging heat of claim 12 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of flow of the fluid stream.
16. The method of exchanging heat of claim 12 , wherein the plate type heat exchange assembly comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
each plate cassette in the series of adjacent plate cassettes includes an enhanced surface pattern to increase plate surface area and to increase the heat transfer from the fluid stream to the air moving through the second series of open loop flow passages in the plate type heat exchange assembly.
17. The method of exchanging heat of claim 12 wherein the plate type heat exchange assembly comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
a second inlet header and a second outlet header are operatively connected to a third series of closed loop flow passages in the plate heat exchanger such that a second fluid stream can pass into the third series of flow passages and out from the third series of flow passages.
18. The method of exchanging heat of claim 12 wherein
two direct heat exchange sections and
two indirect heat exchange sections are provided, with one indirect heat exchange section located generally above one direct heat exchange section and the second indirect heat exchange section located generally above the second direct heat exchange section.
19. The method of exchanging heat of claim 12 , wherein
two direct heat exchange sections are provided, and
the indirect heat exchange section located generally above both direct heat exchange sections.
20. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing an indirect heat exchange section,
the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of pathways,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet,
distributing an evaporative liquid generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section such that indirect heat exchange occurs between the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways and the evaporative liquid,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect heat exchange section,
the air moving through the indirect heat exchange sections exchanging heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the indirect heat exchange section and hence indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirection section,
wherein the indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate heat exchanger,
the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of flow passages and
a second series of flow passages,
an inlet header and
an outlet header operatively connected to the first series of flow passages such that the fluid stream can pass into the first series of flow passages and out from the first series of flow passages,
the second series of flow passages arranged such that the evaporative liquid can pass through the second series of flow passages and such that the air moving through the indirect section passes through the second series of flow passages, wherein
the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
21. The method of exchanging heat of claim 20 , further comprising:
collecting substantially all of the evaporative liquid that exits the indirect heat exchange section, and
pumping the collected evaporative liquid upwardly such that it can be distributed generally downwardly onto and through the indirect heat exchange section.
22. The method of exchanging heat of claim 20 wherein the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
each plate cassette in the series of adjacent plate cassettes includes an enhanced surface pattern to increase plate surface area and to increase the sensible and latent heat transfer from the evaporative liquid to the air moving through the second series of flow passages in the plate heat exchanger.
23. The method of exchanging heat of claim 20 wherein in the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
a second inlet header and a second outlet header are operatively connected to a third series of closed loop flow passages in the plate heat exchanger such that a second fluid stream can pass into the third series of closed loop flow passages and out from the third series of flow passages.
24. The method of exchanging heat of claim 20 wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
25. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing an indirect heat exchange section,
the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of pathways,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet,
distributing an evaporative liquid generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section such that indirect heat exchange occurs between the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways and the evaporative liquid,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect heat exchange section,
the air moving through the indirect heat exchange sections exchanging heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the indirect heat exchange section and hence indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirection section,
wherein the indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate heat exchanger,
the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of flow passages and
a second series of flow passages,
an inlet header and
an outlet header operatively connected to the first series of flow passages such that the fluid stream can pass into the first series of flow passages and out from the first series of flow passages,
the second series of flow passages arranged such that the evaporative liquid can pass through the second series of flow passages and such that the air moving through the indirect section passes through the second series of flow passages, wherein
in the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
a second inlet header and a second outlet header are operatively connected to a third series of closed loop flow passages in the plate heat exchanger such that a second fluid stream can pass into the third series of closed loop flow passages and out from the third series of flow passages.
26. The method of exchanging heat of claim 25 , further comprising:
collecting substantially all of the evaporative liquid that exits the indirect heat exchange section, and
pumping the collected evaporative liquid upwardly such that it can be distributed generally downwardly onto and through the indirect heat exchange section.
27. The method of exchanging heat of claim 25 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
28. The method of exchanging heat of claim 25 wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally cross-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid, through the indirect heat exchange section.
29. The method of exchanging heat of claim 25 , wherein the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
each plate cassette in the series of adjacent plate cassettes includes an enhanced surface pattern to increase plate surface area and to increase the sensible and latent heat transfer from the evaporative liquid to the air moving through the second series of flow passages in the plate heat exchanger.
30. The method of exchanging heat of claim 25 wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
31. A method of exchanging heat comprising the steps of:
providing an indirect heat exchange section,
the indirect heat exchange section conducting a fluid stream within a plurality of pathways,
the indirect heat exchange section comprising a top, a bottom, an air inlet and an air outlet,
distributing an evaporative liquid generally downward onto and through the indirect heat exchange section such that indirect heat exchange occurs between the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways and the evaporative liquid,
moving air between the air inlet and the air outlet of the indirect heat exchange section,
the air moving through the indirect heat exchange sections exchanging heat and mass with the evaporative liquid moving through the indirect heat exchange section and hence indirectly exchanging heat with the fluid stream within the plurality of pathways in the indirection section,
wherein the indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate heat exchanger,
the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of flow passages and
a second series of flow passages,
an inlet header and
an outlet header operatively connected to the first series of flow passages such that the fluid stream can pass into the first series of flow passages and out from the first series of flow passages,
the second series of flow passages arranged such that the evaporative liquid can pass through the second series of flow passages and such that the air moving through the indirect section passes through the second series of flow passages, wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally parallel-current to the direction of evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
32. The method of exchanging heat of claim 31 , further comprising:
collecting substantially all of the evaporative liquid that exits the indirect heat exchange section, and
pumping the collected evaporative liquid upwardly such that it can be distributed generally downwardly onto and through the indirect heat exchange section.
33. The method of exchanging heat of claim 31 , wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves counter-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid through the indirect heat exchange section.
34. The method of exchanging heat of claim 31 wherein the air moving through the indirect heat exchange section moves generally cross-current to the direction of flow of the evaporative liquid, through the indirect heat exchange section.
35. The method of exchanging heat of claim 31 wherein the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
each plate cassette in the series of adjacent plate cassettes includes an enhanced surface pattern to increase plate surface area and to increase the sensible and latent heat transfer from the evaporative liquid to the air moving through the second series of flow passages in the plate heat exchanger.
36. The method of exchanging heat of claim 31 wherein in the plate heat exchanger comprised of a series of adjacent plate cassettes forming an alternating arrangement of a first series of closed loop flow passages and
a second series of open loop flow passages,
a second inlet header and a second outlet header are operatively connected to a third series of closed loop flow passages in the plate heat exchanger such that a second fluid stream can pass into the third series of closed loop flow passages and out from the third series of flow passages.