Non-contact magnetostrictive sensing systems and methods

1. A system for sensing stress in a ferromagnetic material, said system comprising:

at least one magnetic flux device configured to induce a first magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material; and

a sensor positioned proximate to the ferromagnetic material, said sensor comprising:

a core;

at least one excitation coil configured to induce a second magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material, wherein the at least one excitation coil is configured to be driven simultaneously by both a direct current (DC) source and an alternating current (AC) source; and

at least one detector configured to detect changes in the second magnetic flux.

2. The system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said core comprises:

a yoke comprising:

at least one member;

an excitation pole element extending from the at least one member; and

a member pole element extending from the at least one member, wherein the member pole element is substantially parallel to the excitation pole element.

3. The system in accordance with claim 2 , wherein:

said at least one excitation coil extends about at least a portion of said excitation pole element; and

said at least one detector comprises at least one detection coil, wherein each said member pole element has a respective detection coil extending about at least a portion of said member pole element.

4. The system in accordance with claim 3 , wherein said at least one magnetic flux device comprises at least one of said excitation coil and said at least one detection coil.

5. The system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said at least one magnetic flux device comprises at least one of a permanent magnet and a coil.

6. The system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said sensor and said at least one magnetic flux device are formed unitarily.

7. A method for measuring stress in a ferromagnetic material, said method comprising:

inducing a first magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material;

inducing a second magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material, wherein inducing a second magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material comprises driving a coil simultaneously by both a direct current (DC) source and an alternating current (AC) source; and

detecting changes in the second magnetic flux induced in the ferromagnetic material, wherein the changes in the second magnetic flux are at least partially correlated to stress in the ferromagnetic material.

8. The method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein inducing a first magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material comprises inducing the first magnetic flux with at least one permanent magnet.

9. The method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein inducing a first magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material comprises inducing the first magnetic flux with at least one coil.

10. The method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein inducing a second magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material comprises providing at least one electrical signal to the excitation coil, wherein the at least one electrical signal includes at least one of a direct current (DC) signal and an alternating current (AC) signal.

11. The method in accordance with claim 7 , wherein detecting changes in the second magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material comprises positioning at least one detector a predetermined distance from the ferromagnetic material.

12. The method in accordance with claim 11 , wherein positioning at least one detector a predetermined distance from the ferromagnetic material comprises positioning at least one detector coil a predetermined distance from the ferromagnetic material.

13. The method in accordance with claim 12 , wherein inducing a first magnetic flux in the ferromagnetic material comprises providing at least one electrical signal to the at least one detector coil, wherein the at least one electrical signal includes at least one of a direct current (DC) signal and an alternating current (AC) signal.

14. A system for sensing torque in a rotating shaft, said system comprising:

at least one magnetic flux device configured to induce a first magnetic flux in the rotating shaft; and

a sensor coupled a predetermined distance from the rotating shaft, said sensor comprising:

a core;

at least one excitation coil configured to induce a second magnetic flux in the rotating shaft, wherein the at least one excitation coil is configured to be driven simultaneously by both a direct current (DC) source and an alternating current (AC) source; and

at least one detector configured to detect changes in the second magnetic flux induced in the rotating shaft; and

a processor configured to determine an amount of torque in the rotating shaft based on the detected changes in the second magnetic flux.

15. The system in accordance with claim 14 , further comprising at least one of a proximity sensor, a magnetic field sensor, and a temperature sensor.

16. The system in accordance with claim 14 , wherein said sensor is configured to measure an amount of torque in the rotating shaft without contacting the rotating shaft.

17. The system in accordance with claim 14 , wherein said at least one magnetic flux device comprises at least one of a permanent magnet and a coil.