Spinal distraction system

1. A spinal distraction system comprising:

an adjustable spinal distraction rod comprising: an outer tube having a hollow first end; and an inner rod configured for telescopic movement within the outer tube at the hollow first end, with the inner rod configured to be secured to a bone of a subject at a first location;

a magnet housed within the outer tube and configured for bi-directional rotational motion, the magnet coupled to a lead screw configured to rotate with the magnet, wherein rotation of the lead screw in a first rotational direction results in movement of the inner rod in a first axial direction to increase a length of the adjustable spinal distraction rod and rotation of the lead screw in a second rotation results in movement of the inner rod in a second axial direction to decrease the length of the adjustable spinal distraction rod;

an anchor rod configured to be fixedly secured to a bone of a subject at a second location; and

a locking swivel joint releasably secured to the anchor rod at a first end and releasably secured to the adjustable spinal distraction rod at a second end, the locking swivel joint having:

a housing coupled with an end of one of the anchor rod and the adjustable spinal distraction rod;

a bushing positioned about a periphery of the other one of the anchor rod and the adjustable spinal distraction rod, wherein the other one of the anchor rod and the adjustable spinal distraction rod, about which the bushing is positioned, terminates in a ball disposed within the housing; and

a locking nut mounted about the bushing and being moveable about the bushing between a locked configuration and an unlocked configuration, wherein the locking swivel joint is configured to pivot the adjustable spinal distraction rod relative to the anchor rod in the unlocked configuration, and configured to mechanically lock a position of the adjustable spinal distraction rod relative to the anchor rod in the locked configuration;

wherein movement of the inner rod with respect to the outer tube is configured to treat a spinal deformity.

2. The spinal distraction system of claim 1 , further comprising at least two pedicle screws, the pedicle screws configured for attachment to two adjacent vertebrae.

3. The spinal distraction system of claim 1 , further comprising an external drive configured to non-invasively rotate the magnet.

4. The spinal distraction system of claim 3 , wherein the external drive comprises one or more rotating magnets configured to magnetically couple with the magnet of the adjustable spinal distraction rod.

5. The spinal distraction system of claim 1 , further comprising a marker disposed on the inner rod, the marker defining an identifiable distance between the inner rod and the outer tube that varies depending on an extent of axial movement of the inner rod in relation to the outer tube.

6. The spinal distraction system of claim 5 , wherein the identifiable distance extends between the marker and the first end of the outer tube.

7. The spinal distraction system of claim 5 ,

wherein the marker comprises radiopaque material.

8. The spinal distraction system of claim 5 ,

wherein the marker comprises a bump or protrusion on the inner rod.

9. The spinal distraction system of claim 1 , wherein the bushing includes outer threads and the locking nut includes inner threads that interact with the outer threads of the bushing.

10. A spinal distraction system comprising:

an adjustable spinal distraction rod comprising: an outer tube having a hollow first end; and an inner rod configured for telescopic movement within the outer tube at the hollow first end, with the inner rod configured to be secured to a first bone portion;

a magnet housed within the outer tube and configured for bi-directional rotational motion, the magnet coupled to a lead screw configured to rotate with the magnet, wherein rotation of the lead screw in a first rotational direction results in movement of the inner rod in a first axial direction and rotation of the lead screw in a second rotational direction results in movement of the inner rod in a second axial direction to decrease a length of the adjustable spinal distraction rod;

an anchor rod configured to be fixedly secured to a second bone portion;

a marker disposed on the inner rod, the marker defining a measurable longitudinal distance between the inner rod and the outer tube that varies depending on an amount of axial movement of the inner rod in relation to the outer tube; and

a locking swivel joint releasably secured to the anchor rod at a first end and releasably secured to the adjustable spinal distraction rod at a second end, the locking swivel joint having:

a housing configured to mate with an end of one of the anchor rod and the adjustable spinal distraction rod;

a bushing positioned about a periphery of the other one of the anchor rod and the adjustable spinal distraction rod, wherein the other one of the anchor rod and the adjustable spinal distraction rod, about which the bushing is positioned, terminates in a ball disposed within the housing; and

a locking nut mounted about the bushing and being moveable about the bushing between a locked configuration and an unlocked configuration,

wherein the locking swivel joint is configured to pivot the adjustable spinal distraction rod relative to the anchor rod in the unlocked configuration, and configured to mechanically lock the adjustable spinal distraction rod relative to the anchor rod and hold the adjustable spinal distraction rod relative to the anchor rod in the locked configuration;

wherein movement of the inner rod with respect to the outer tube is configured to treat a spinal deformity.

11. The spinal distraction system of claim 10 , wherein an identifiable distance extends between the marker and the first end of the outer tube.

12. The spinal distraction system of claim 10 , wherein the marker comprises radiopaque material.

13. The spinal distraction system of claim 10 , wherein the marker comprises a bump or protrusion on the inner rod.

14. The spinal distraction system of claim 10 , wherein movement of the inner rod in the first axial direction increases the length of the adjustable spinal distraction rod.

15. The spinal distraction system of claim 14 , wherein the anchor rod extends in the first axial direction.

16. The spinal distraction system of claim 10 , wherein the marker is disposed on a longitudinal surface of the inner rod.

17. The spinal distraction system of claim 10 , wherein the marker is configured to allow measurement after implantation of the spinal distraction system.

18. The spinal distraction system of claim 10 , wherein the bushing includes outer threads and the locking nut includes inner threads that interact with the outer threads of the bushing.

19. A spinal distraction system comprising:

a spinal rod configured to be secured to a bone of a subject at a first location;

an anchor rod configured to be fixedly secured to a bone of the subject at a second location, wherein one of the anchor rod and the spinal rod terminates at a ball; and

a locking swivel joint releasably secured to the anchor rod and releasably secured to the spinal rod, the locking swivel joint having:

a bushing positioned about a periphery of a portion of the one of the anchor rod and the spinal rod that terminates at the ball;

a housing coupled with an end of the other one of the anchor rod and the spinal rod at a first end of the housing, wherein the ball of the one of anchor rod and the spinal rod is positioned within the housing at a second end of the housing; and

a locking nut mounted about the bushing and being moveable about the bushing to lock and unlock the locking swivel joint;

wherein the locking swivel joint is configured to pivot the spinal rod relative to the anchor rod and configured to mechanically lock a position of the spinal rod relative to the anchor rod.