Metabolically engineered cells for the production of pinosylvin
A genetically engineered micro-organism having an operative metabolic pathway producing cinnamoyl-CoA and producing pinosylvin therefrom by the action of a stilbene synthase is used for pinosylvin production. Said cinnamic acid may be formed from L-phenylalanine by a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) which is one accepting phenylalanine as a substrate and producing cinammic acid therefrom, preferably such that if the PAL also accepts tyrosine as a substrate and forms coumaric acid therefrom, the ratio Km(phenylalanine)/Km(tyrosine) for said PAL is less than 1:1 and if said micro-organism produces a cinammate-4 -hydroxylase enzyme (C4H), the ratio K cat (PAL)/K cat (C4H) is at least 2:1.
1. A recombinant microorganism comprising an operative metabolic pathway for producing pinosylvin, wherein said recombinant microorganism comprises:
a) a L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from Arabidopsis thaliana , for converting L-phenylalanine to cinnamic acid;
b) a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana , for converting cinnamic acid to cinnamoyl-CoA; and
c) a stilbene synthase from Vitis vinifera , for converting cinnamoyl-CoA to pinosylvin,
wherein said microorganism is Saccharomyces cerevisiae and produces at least 1.5 mg/g pinosylvin on a dry weight basis.
2. The recombinant microorganism of claim 1 , comprising:
a) one or more copies of a heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding said L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase operatively linked with an expression signal not natively linked with the said L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase,
b) one or more copies of a heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding said 4-coumarate CoA-ligase operatively linked with an expression signal not natively linked with said 4-coumarate CoA-ligase, and
c) one or more copies of a heterologous nucleotide sequence encoding said stilbene synthase operatively linked with an expression signal not natively linked with said stilbene synthase.
3. A method for producing pinosylvin comprising culturing said recombinant microorganism of claim 1 under conditions to produce said pinosylvin.
4. The recombinant microorganism of claim 1 , wherein said L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase is expressed in said recombinant microorganism from a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
5. The recombinant microorganism of claim 1 , wherein said 4-coumarate-CoA ligase is expressed in said recombinant microorganism from a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
6. The recombinant microorganism of claim 1 , wherein said stilbene synthase is expressed in said recombinant microorganism from a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
7. The recombinant micro-organism of claim 2 , wherein said expression signal not natively linked with said L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase, said 4-coumarate CoA-ligase or said stilbene synthase is a constitutive promoter.
8. The recombinant microorganism of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant microorganism produces pinosylvin directly from glucose, without addition of cinnamic acid, cinnamoyl-CoA or any other downstream cinnamic acid derivative.
9. The recombinant microorganism of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant microorganism produces at least 1.8 mg/g pinosylvin on a dry weight basis