Method for the manufacture of smart paper and smart wood fibers
A method is provided for making “smart” paper and “smart” microfibers by means of nanotechnology layer-by-layer techniques. The method comprises forming an aqueous pulp of lignocellulose fibers and nanocoating it by alternatively adsorbing onto the fibers multiple consecutively-applied layers of organized ultra thin and oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes, at least one of which is an electrically conductive polymer or nanoparticle (or a magnetically active polymer or nanoparticle, or an optically active polymer or nanoparticle), and another one of which has a charge opposite of said electrically conductive polymer or nanoparticle (or magnetically active polymer or nanoparticle, or optically active polymer or nanoparticle), thereby making a modified aqueous pulp of electrically conductive (or magnetically active, or optically active) multi-layer nanocoated lignocellulose fibers. A finished paper is manufactured by drying sheets of the modified fibers and processing the dried sheets to make a smart paper having enhanced electrical conductivity, magnetic and/or optical properties.
1. A method for making magnetically active wood microfibers, comprising:
forming an aqueous pulp of lignocellulose fibers;
nanocoating said aqueous pulp of lignocellulose fibers by alternatively electrostatically adsorbing onto the fibers plural layers of organized ultra thin and oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes, a first polyelectrolyte being magnetically active and having one charge, and a second polyelectrolyte having a charge opposite of said first polyelectrolyte, thereby making a modified aqueous pulp of magnetically active multi-layer nanocoated lignocellulose fibers; and
draining water out of the modified aqueous pulp to form sheets of magnetically active wood microfibers.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first polyelectrolyte is chosen from the group consisting of Co, cobalt ferrite, cobalt nitride, cobalt oxide, Co—Pd, Co—Pt, Fe, Fe—Au, Fe—Cr, Fe—N, Fe304, Fe—Pd, Fe—Pt, Fe—Zr—Nb—B, Mn—N, Nd—Fe—B, Nd—Fe—B—Nb—Cu, Ni and nickel alloys; and
said second polyelectrolyte is chosen from the group consisting of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS).
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
drying said formed sheets of magnetically active multi-layer nanocoated lignocellulose fibers; and
processing the dried nanocoated sheets to make a finished paper having enhanced magnetic properties.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the modified aqueous pulp is exposed to a magnetic field.
5. The product of the method of claim 4 .
6. The product of the method of claim 3 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lignocellulose fibers used to form said aqueous pulp are large softwood fibers having a length of at least about 1 mm in length and a diameter of at least about 15 μm; and
wherein said ultra thin and oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes have a thickness of between about 5 and 200 nm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said aqueous pulp of lignocellulose fibers is an aqueous pulp having between about 0.5 and 15% solids.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified aqueous pulp is exposed to a magnetic field.
10. The product of the method of claim 1 .
11. A method for making magnetically active wood microfibers, comprising:
forming an aqueous pulp of lignocellulose fibers;
nanocoating a first portion of said aqueous pulp of lignocellulose fibers by alternatively electrostatically adsorbing onto the fibers plural layers of organized ultra thin and oppositely-charged magnetically active polyelectrolytes, thereby making a first charged modified aqueous pulp of magnetically active multi-layer nanocoated lignocellulose fibers;
separately providing a second portion of said aqueous pulp of lignocellulose fibers;
homogenously blending said first portion of lignocellulose fibers with said second portion of lignocellulose fibers to form a complex aggregate pulp of nanocoated fibers; and
draining water out of the modified aqueous pulp to form sheets of magnetically active wood microfibers.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least the first portion of lignocellulose fibers is exposed to a magnetic field.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second portion of lignocellulose fibers is nanocoated by alternatively electrostatically adsorbing onto the fibers plural layers of organized ultra thin and oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes; and
wherein the first portion of lignocellulose fibers has an outermost charged layer and the second portion of lignocellulose fibers has an outermost layer that is oppositely charged from the outermost charged layer of the first portion.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said nanocoating of said first portion of lignocellulose fiber pulp is carried out consecutively through one adsorption step less than said nanocoating of said second portion of lignocellulose fiber pulp.
15. The product of the method of claim 11 .
16. A method for making magnetically active wood microfibers, comprising:
electrostatically adsorbing one or more layers of magnetically active polyelectrolytes to a first portion of lignocellulose fibers;
providing a second portion of lignocellulose fibers; and
homogenously blending the first portion of lignocellulose fibers with the second portion of lignocellulose fibers.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of:
electrostatically adsorbing one or more layers of magnetically active polyelectrolytes to the second portion of lignocellulose fibers.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first portion of lignocellulose fibers has an outermost charged layer and the second portion of lignocellulose fibers has an outermost layer that is oppositely charged from the outermost charged layer of the first portion.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising the steps of:
forming sheets of the blended lignocellulose fibers; and
processing the dried nanocoated sheets to make a finished paper having enhanced magnetic properties;
wherein at least one of the first portion and the blended lignocellulose fibers is exposed to a magnetic field.
20. The product of the method of claim 19 .