Fracturing fluids including amine oxides as flowback aids
View Patent ↗An aqueous fracturing fluid comprises an environmentally friendly flowback aid. The flowback aid includes an amine oxide having the formula (CH 3 )NO(R 1 )(R 2 ), where R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from linear or branched alkyl groups having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Optionally, the fracturing fluid may further comprise an alcohol ethoxylate of the formula R 3 —(OC 2 H 4 ) x —OH, wherein R 3 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein x ranges from 3 to 25. One example of an amine oxide is didecylmethyl amine oxide, and one example of an alcohol ethoxylate is ethoxylated isodecylalcohol (also known as ethoxylated isodecanol). The fracturing fluid is introduced through a well bore into the subterranean formation and pressurized to fracture the subterranean formation. The fracturing fluid is then allowed to flow back into the well bore from the subterranean formation.
1. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation, comprising:
introducing a fracturing fluid through a well bore into the subterranean formation, wherein the fracturing fluid comprises an amine oxide of the formula (CH 3 )NO(R 1 )(R 2 ), where R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from linear or branched alkyl groups having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms;
pressurizing the fracturing fluid to fracture the subterranean formation; and
allowing the fracturing fluid to flow back into the well bore from the subterranean formation,
wherein the concentration of the amine oxide in the fracturing fluid is between 0.00005 and 2.5 percent by weight.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine oxide is didecylmethyl amine oxide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid further comprises an alcohol ethoxylate of the formula R 3 —(OC 2 H 4 ) x —OH, wherein R 3 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein x ranges from 3 to 25.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the concentration of the alcohol ethoxylate in the fracturing fluid is between 0.0005 and 15 percent by weight.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the alcohol ethoxylate is ethoxylated isodecylalcohol.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid further comprises a proppant.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fracturing fluid further comprises an additive selected from a corrosion inhibitor, fluid-loss additive, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from linear or branched alkyl groups having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine oxide includes combinations of R 1 and R 2 selected from: R 1 is octyl- and R 2 is dodecyl-; R 1 is nonyl- and R 2 is undecyl-; R 1 is octyl- and R 2 is dimethyldecyl-; R 1 is nonyl- and R 2 is methyldecyl-; R 1 is dimethylhexyl- and R 2 is dodecyl-; R 1 is methylheptyl- and R 2 is dodecyl-; R 1 is dimethylhexyl- and R 2 is dimethyldecyl-; and R 1 is methylheptyl- and R 2 is methyldecyl-.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a non-ionic co-surfactant.
11. The method of claim 3 , wherein x ranges from 7 to 11.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the amine oxide in the fracturing fluid is between 1.0 and 2.5 percent by weight.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the amine oxide comprises didecylmethyl amine oxide.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising an alcohol ethoxylate, wherein the alcohol ethoxylate comprises ethoxylated isodecylalcohol.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the concentration of the ethoxylated isodecylalcohol is between 8 and 15 percent by weight.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the concentration of the didecylmethyl amine oxide in the fracturing fluid is between 1.5 and 2.5 percent by weight and the concentration of the ethoxylated isodecylalcohol in the fracturing fluid is between 8 and 12 percent by weight.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fracturing fluid has a contact angle of greater than or equal to 80 degrees.