Thermoset particles with enhanced crosslinking, production, and their use in oil and natural gas drilling applications
Use of two different methods, either each by itself or in combination, to enhance the stiffness, strength, maximum possible use temperature, and environmental resistance of thermoset polymer particles is disclosed. One method is the application of post-polymerization process steps (and especially heat treatment) to advance the curing reaction and to thus obtain a more densely crosslinked polymer network. The other method is the incorporation of nanofillers, resulting in a heterogeneous “nanocomposite” morphology. Nanofiller incorporation and post-polymerization heat treatment can also be combined to obtain the benefits of both methods simultaneously. The present invention relates to the development of thermoset nanocomposite particles. Optional further improvement of the heat resistance and environmental resistance of said particles via post-polymerization heat treatment; processes for the manufacture of said particles; and use of said particles in the construction, drilling, completion and/or fracture stimulation of oil and natural gas wells are described.
1. A method for lightening a load of cement comprising:
mixing an uncured cement composition with an effective amount of a particle comprising a rigid thermoset polymer, wherein the thermoset polymer comprises a styrene-ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene terpolymer; and
placing the mixture in a selected location.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said thermoset polymer has a substantially cured polymer network, wherein a packing of said particles manifests a static conductivity of at least 100 mDft after 200 hours at temperatures greater than 80° F.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said particle has a shape; selected from the group of shapes consisting of a powder, a pellet, a grain, a seed, a short fiber, a rod, a cylinder, a platelet, a bead, a spheroid, or mixtures thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a largest principal axis dimension of said particle does not exceed 10 millimeters.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said particle is a spherical bead having a diameter that does not exceed 10 millimeters.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said diameter ranges from 0.1 mm to 4 mm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric particle is blended with other solid particles including at least one of sand, resin-coated sand, ceramic and resin-coated ceramic.