Bending sensor
A bending sensor includes a high resistance layer; a low resistance layer having a crack and a lower electrical resistance than the high resistance layer in a state where the crack is closed; an insulating layer between the high and low resistance layers; and a plurality of electrode portions connecting electrically in parallel the high resistance and low resistance layers. In an OFF state where a bend amount is small, the crack is unlikely to open and a combined resistance of electrical resistances of the high resistance layer and the low resistance layer is output as OFF resistance from the plurality of electrode portions. In an ON state where the bend amount is large, the crack is likely to open and at least the electrical resistance of the high resistance layer is output as ON resistance higher than the OFF resistance from the plurality of electrode portions.
1. A bending sensor comprising:
a high resistance layer comprising:
a parent material composed of one of a resin and an elastomer; and
a conductive filler dispersed in the parent material;
a low resistance layer comprising:
a parent material composed of one of a resin and an elastomer;
a conductive filler dispersed in the parent material;
a tensile surface receiving tensile stress during bending deformation; and
a crack having an opening on the tensile surface and developing in a laminating direction,
the low resistance layer having lower electrical resistance than the high resistance layer in a state where the crack is closed;
an insulating layer comprising:
at least the parent material from among a parent material composed of one of a resin and an elastomer, and an insulation filler dispersed in the parent material,
the insulating layer being disposed between the high resistance layer and the low resistance layer and electrically insulating the high resistance layer from the low resistance layer; and
a plurality of electrode portions connecting electrically in parallel the high resistance layer and the low resistance layer, wherein
in an OFF state in which a bend amount is small, the crack is unlikely to open and a combined resistance of an electrical resistance of the high resistance layer and an electrical resistance of the low resistance layer is output as OFF resistance from the plurality of electrode portions, and
in an ON state in which the bend amount is larger than the bend amount in the OFF state, the crack is more likely to open than in the OFF state, and, of the electrical resistance of the high resistance layer and the electrical resistance of the low resistance layer, at least the electrical resistance of the high resistance layer is output as ON resistance higher than the OFF resistance from the plurality of electrode portions.
2. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the crack passes through the low resistance layer in the laminating direction and reaches the insulating layer.
3. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the opening disconnects the tensile surface in a direction orthogonal to a placement direction of the plurality of electrode portions.
4. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer is laminated on a load output side of the high resistance layer and the low resistance layer is laminated on a load output side of the insulating layer, the bending sensor further comprising:
an elastically deformable covering layer disposed on the load output side of the low resistance layer and covering the opening; and
a base material disposed on the load input side of the high resistance layer and having the high resistance layer fixed thereto.
5. The bending sensor according to claim 4 , wherein the plurality of electrode portions, the high resistance layer, the insulating layer, the low resistance layer, and the covering layer are laminated and printed on the base material.
6. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a reinforcement layer provided between the high resistance layer and the insulating layer and inhibiting the crack from developing deeper than the insulating layer.
7. The bending sensor according to claim 6 , wherein the reinforcement layer has the insulating layer and the low resistance layer laminated and printed on a surface of a load output side and has the high resistance layer printed on a surface of a load input side.
8. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the high resistance layer and the low resistance layer are disposed so as not to overlap when viewed from one of the load input side and the load output side.
9. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the high resistance layer has a cross-sectional area smaller than the low resistance layer in the direction orthogonal to the placement direction of the plurality of electrode portions.
10. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the high resistance layer has higher volume resistivity than the low resistance layer.
11. The bending sensor according to claim 10 , wherein a difference in the volume resistivity is created between the high resistance layer and the low resistance layer by adjusting filling rates of the conductive filler for the high resistance layer and the low resistance layer.
12. The bending sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of divided bodies of a sensor comprising:
a divided body of a high resistance layer as a portion of the high resistance layer;
a divided body of a low resistance layer as a portion of the low resistance layer;
a divided body of an insulating layer as a portion of the insulating layer; and
the plurality of electrode portions connecting electrically in parallel the divided body of the high resistance layer and the divided body of the low resistance layer, wherein
the plurality of divided bodies of the sensor is linearly disposed.
13. The bending sensor according to claim 12 , wherein a combined resistance of an electrical resistance of the divided body of the high resistance layer and an electrical resistance of the divided body of the low resistance layer is 10 kΩ or less in any divided body of the sensor in the OFF state.