Compositions comprising estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R 1 , independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R 3 and R 4 , independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
1. A composition comprising:
at least one metal sulfonate;
at least one additive comprising a styrene copolymer or a styrene interpolymer;
at least one antioxidant; and
at least one estolide compound selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 0;
R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is unsubstituted.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
5. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
7. The composition according to claim 6 , wherein R 2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
8. The composition according to claim 6 , wherein R 2 is an unsubstituted C 6 to C 12 alkyl that is saturated and branched.
9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
10. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
11. The composition according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
12. The composition according to claim 10 , wherein R 1 is an unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
13. The composition according to claim 12 , wherein R 1 is saturated.
14. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 2, wherein EN is the average number of estolide linkages in compounds according to Formula I.
15. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein said at least one estolide compound has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 55 cSt when measured at 40° C.
16. The composition according to claim 15 , wherein said at least one estolide compound has a pour point equal to or lower than −25° C.
17. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one metal sulfonate is selected from one or more of a calcium sulfonate or a magnesium sulfonate.
18. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least antioxidant is selected from one or more of an amine antioxidant, a phenolic antioxidant, or an organometallic antioxidant.
19. The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one extreme pressure agent.
20. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein the at least one extreme pressure agent is a phosphorous extreme pressure agent.
21. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one of a separation preventer, a stability enhancer, a surfactant, a biocide, a corrosion inhibitor, an abrasion inhibitor, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, a dispersant, or an antifoaming agent.
22. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein said composition comprises an engine lubricant, a hydraulic fluid, a crankcase oil, or a gearbox oil.
23. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive comprises a copolymer prepared from styrene and at least one butadiene.
24. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one additive comprises an interpolymer prepared from styrene and at least one acrylic ester.
25. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the phosphorous extreme pressure agent comprises a zinc salt of a phosphorous compound.
26. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the phosphorous extreme pressure agent is prepared by process that includes reacting a phosphorous compound with zinc oxide.