DEVICES AND METHODS FOR THE ENDOLUMENAL TREATMENT OF OBESITY
A surgical method for treating obesity by reducing the size and/or function of the stomach includes forming at least two plications or tissue folds in tissue of a patient using anchor assemblies having a loop. The plications are then optionally allowed to heal. A loop suture or wire is threaded through the loops. The loop suture is then tensioned to draw the plications towards each other. The loop suture is then secured via a knot or a cinch. When the method is performed in the stomach for treatment of obesity, forming the plications reduces the volume of the stomach. Drawing the plications together creates a contracted tissue area which further reduces the volume of the stomach. Additional plications may also be formed and drawn together with the same loop suture, or with a different loop suture.
1 . A surgical method, comprising:
forming a first plication in tissue of a patient using a first tissue anchor assembly having a first loop;
forming at least a second plication in the tissue of the patient using a second tissue anchor assembly having a second loop;
allowing the plications to heal;
moving the first and at least a second plications relatively towards each other; and
passing a holding element through the first and at least the second loops to hold the plications together.
2 . The method of claim 1 further comprising moving the first and at least a second plications towards each other by pulling the first loop relatively towards the second loop.
3 . The method of claim 1 comprising moving the first and at least a second plication relatively towards each other by passing a loop suture through the first loop and through the second loop, and tensioning the loop suture.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein the holding element comprises a loop suture passed through the first and at least a second loop.
5 . The method of claim 1 comprising allowing the plications to heal for at least two weeks.
6 . The method of claim 1 with the holding element comprising a zip tie.
7 . The method claim 1 with the holding element comprising wire.
8 . The surgical method of claim 4 further comprising bringing first and second ends of the loop suture out of the patient, providing a knot or a cinch on the first and second ends of the loop suture, and pushing the knot or cinch along the suture to a position adjacent to at least one of the first and second plications.
9 . The surgical method of claim 4 further comprising threading a distal end of the loop suture through a loop at the proximal end of the loop suture, and bringing the leading end out of the patient.
10 . The surgical method of claim 4 further comprising providing a first tissue anchor on a proximal end of the loop suture, and with the first tissue anchor held against the first anchor.
11 . The surgical method of claim 4 with the first anchor comprising an umbrella anchor.
12 . The surgical method of claim 4 further comprising securing the loop suture by advancing a cinch and a tissue anchor against the first or second loop, with the tissue anchor preventing the cinch from passing through the first or second loop.
13 . The surgical method of claim 4 further comprising securing the loop suture by advancing a cinch against the first or second loop, with the cinch having a characteristic dimension that prevents it from passing through the first second loop.
14 . The surgical method of claim 14 with the cinch further comprising a cinch ring, and further comprising threading the distal end of the loop suture through the cinch ring.
15 . The surgical method of claim 4 moving a loop suture through the first loop and through the second loop, before allowing the plications to heal.
16 . The surgical method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming a third plication in tissue of the patient using a third s, e anchor assembly having a third loop;
moving the loop suture through the third loop; and
tensioning the loop suture to displace at least two of the first, second and third plications.
17 . The surgical method of claim 4 with the distal end of the loop suture having a rigid end piece, and further comprising grasping the rigid end piece and passing it through the first and second loops.
18 . A surgical method, comprising:
forming a first plication in tissue of a patient using a first tissue anchor assembly having a first loop;
forming at least a second plication in the patient using a second tissue anchor assembly having a second loop;
passing a holding element through the first and at least a second loops and temporarily attaching a first end of the holding element to a second end of the holding element or to at least one of the loops; and, at a later time,
pulling on the holding element to move the first and at least second plications relatively towards each other; and
knotting or cinching the holding element to hold the plications together.
19 . The method of claim 18 with the holding element comprising a loop suture.
20 . A method for treating obesity, comprising:
advancing a delivery catheter through a patients mouth and esophagus and into the patient's stomach;
forming a first plication in the tissue of the stomach using a first tissue anchor assembly having a first loop, and first and second tissue anchors connected by a first suture, by:
forming a first tissue fold;
passing a needle through the first tissue fold;
deploying the first tissue anchor from the needle on a distal side of the first tissue fold;
withdrawing the needle back through the first tissue fold;
deploying the second tissue anchor from the needle on a proximal side of the first tissue fold;
tensioning the first suture to pull the first tissue anchor towards the second tissue anchor;
securing the second tissue anchor onto the first suture to prevent the first tissue anchor from pulling away from the second tissue anchor; and
forming a second plication in the tissue of the stomach using a second tissue anchor assembly having a second loop, and third and fourth tissue anchors connected by a second suture, by
forming a second tissue fold;
passing a needle through the second tissue fold;
deploying the third tissue anchor from the needle on a distal side of the second tissue fold;
withdrawing the needle back through the second tissue fold;
deploying the fourth tissue anchor from the needle on a proximal side of the second tissue fold;
tensioning the second suture to pull the third tissue anchor towards the fourth tissue anchor;
securing the fourth tissue anchor onto the second suture to prevent the third tissue anchor from pulling away from the fourth tissue anchor;
allowing the plications to heal;
threading a loop suture through the first and second loops;
drawing the first and second plications together to pulling on the loop suture; and
cinching or knotting the loop suture to hold the plications in the drawn together position.
21 - 25 . (canceled)