Antifouling compositions including dioxaborinanes and uses thereof

1. An antifouling composition comprising:

a first monomer represented by Formula IA:

wherein:

L is absent, alkylenyl, alkenylenyl, or arylene, wherein the alkylenyl and alkenylenyl are optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms;

X 1 is absent, amino, oxo, thio, or phosphino;

PG 1 is an acrylyl, methacrylyl, epoxyl, isocycanyl, styrenyl, oxyvinyl, thiovinyl, ketovinyl, ketoalkyl, ketoalkoxy, ketoaryl, or cycloalkenyl;

R 5 and R 6 are independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or —C(O)R 7 ;

R 7 is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl; and

wherein: the composition further comprises a carrier, resin, stabilizer, corrosion inhibitor, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

2. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , wherein PG 1 is C(O)C(R 10 )═CH 2 , C(O)CH═CH 2 , O—CH═CH 2 , S—CH═CH 2 , N═C═O,

and R 10 is a C 1 -C 8 alkyl.

3. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , wherein PG 1 is C(O)C(R 10 )═CH 2 ; and R 10 is H, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, aryl, or CN.

4. The antifouling composition of claim 3 , wherein PG 1 is C(O)CH═CH 2 .

5. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , wherein X 1 is NH, O, S, or PH.

6. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , wherein L is C 1 -C 10 alkylenyl or arylene, wherein the C 1 -C 10 alkylenyl is optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms.

7. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , wherein R 5 is —C(O)alkyl and R 6 is C(O)alkyl.

8. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , wherein L is C 1 -C 10 alkyl.

9. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , wherein X 1 is O.

10. The antifouling composition of claim 1 , further comprising a polymerization product of the first monomer represented by Formula IA, and a second monomer, wherein the second monomer comprises a polymerizable group PG 2 , which is configured to polymerize with PG 1 .

11. The antifouling composition of claim 10 , wherein the polymerization product comprises 0.1 wt % to 25 wt % of the first monomer represented by Formula IA.

12. The antifouling composition of claim 10 , wherein the second monomer is an acrylate or a methacrylate.

13. The antifouling composition of claim 12 , wherein the second monomer is represented by Formula II:

wherein:

R 8 is H; CN; CF 3 ; CH 3 ; or phenyl; and

R 9 is H; C 1 -C 22 alkyl; aryl; Na + , Li + , or K′.

14. An article coated or impregnated with an antifouling composition, wherein the antifouling composition comprises:

a first monomer represented by Formula IA:

wherein:

L is absent, alkylenyl, alkenylenyl, or arylene, wherein the alkylenyl and alkenylenyl are optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms;

X 1 is absent, amino, oxo, thio, or phosphino;

PG 1 is an acrylyl, methacrylyl, epoxyl, isocycanyl, styrenyl, oxyvinyl, thiovinyl, ketovinyl, ketoalkyl, ketoalkoxy, ketoaryl, or cycloalkenyl;

R 5 and R 6 are independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or —C(O)R 7 ;

R 7 is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl; and

wherein: the composition further comprises a carrier, resin, stabilizer, corrosion inhibitor, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

15. A method of killing or deterring the growth of one or more organisms on an article, wherein the organisms grow in an aqueous environment, wherein the method includes contacting the article with an antifouling composition comprising:

a first monomer represented by Formula IA:

wherein:

L is absent, alkylenyl, alkenylenyl, or arylene, wherein the alkylenyl and alkenylenyl are optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms;

X 1 is absent, or is amino, oxo, thio, or phosphino;

PG 1 is an acrylyl, methacrylyl, epoxyl, isocycanyl, styrenyl, oxyvinyl, thiovinyl, ketovinyl, ketoalkyl, ketoalkoxy, ketoaryl, or cycloalkenyl;

R 5 and R 6 are independently H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or —C(O)R 7 ;

R 7 is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl;

wherein: the composition further comprises a carrier, a resin, a stabilizer, corrosion inhibitor, or a combination of any two or more thereof; and

exposing the article to an aqueous environment.

16. The antifouling composition of claim 10 , comprising the polymerization product of

wherein:

PG 2a is the polymerized form of the second monomer comprising the polymerization group PG 2 ;

L is an alkylene or arylene group; and

n and n′ represent the repeat units of the polymerization product.