Heat transfer compositions and methods
View Patent ↗Compositions, methods and systems which comprise or utilize a multi-component mixture comprising: (a) HFC-32; (b) HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234yf and/or HFO-1234ze; (d) HFC-134a. In certain non-limiting aspects, such refrigerants may be used as a replacement for R-404A.
1. A heat transfer composition for use as a drop-in or near drop-in replacement for R-404A and R-22 in low temperature refrigeration system having a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −40° C. to −15° C., and medium refrigeration systems having a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −15° C. to 5° C. comprising: (a) about 26% by weight of HFC-32; (b) about 26% by weight of HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234yf and transHFO-1234ze, wherein the amount of transHFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf together is from about 20% by weight; and (d) about 21% by weight of HFC-134a, with the weight percentages being based on the total of the components (a)-(d) in the composition, wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 8% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems, and wherein the composition is non-flammable in accordance with ASTM standard E-681.
2. A method of replacing an existing heat transfer fluid contained in low temperature heat transfer system or in a medium refrigeration system, said method comprising:
(i) removing at least a portion of said existing heat transfer fluid from said low temperature system or said medium temperature system, wherein said low temperature system has a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −40° C. to −15° C. and wherein said medium temperature system has a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −15° C. to 5° C., said existing heat transfer fluid being R-404A or R-22; and
(ii) replacing at least a portion of said existing heat transfer fluid by introducing into said system a heat transfer composition comprising: (a) about 26% by weight of HFC-32; (b) about 26% by weight of HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234yf and transHFO-1234ze, wherein the amount of transHFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf together is from about 20%; and (d) about 21% by weight of HFC-134a, with the weight percentages being based on the total of the components (a)-(d) in the composition, wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 8% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems, and wherein the composition is non-flammable in accordance with ASTM standard E-681.
3. A low or medium temperature heat transfer system comprising in fluid communication a compressor, a condenser operating at a temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator operating at a temperature from about −40° C. to 5° C., and a heat transfer composition in said system, said heat transfer composition comprising: (a) about 26% by weight of HFC-32; (b) about 26% by weight of HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234yf and transHFO-1234ze, wherein the amount of transHFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf together is from about 20%; and (d) about 21% by weight of HFC-134a, with the weight percentages being based on the total of the components (a)-(d) in the composition, wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 8% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems, and wherein the composition is non-flammable in accordance with ASTM standard E-681.
4. The heat transfer system of claim 3 wherein said evaporator has an operating temperature of from about −35° C. to about −25° C.
5. The heat transfer system of claim 3 wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 6% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems.
6. A heat transfer composition for use as a drop-in or near drop-in replacement for R-404A and R-22 in low temperature refrigeration system having a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −40° C. to −15° C., and medium refrigeration systems having a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −15° C. to 5° C. comprising: (a) about 25% by weight of HFC-32; (b) about 25% by weight of HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234yf and transHFO-1234ze, wherein the amount of transHFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf together is from about 20% by weight; and (d) about 21% by weight of HFC-134a, with the weight percentages being based on the total of the components (a)-(d) in the composition, wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 8% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems, and wherein the composition is non-flammable in accordance with ASTM standard E-681.
7. The heat transfer composition of claim 6 wherein said R-134a is present in the composition in an amount of about 21 wt %.
8. A method of replacing an existing heat transfer fluid contained in low temperature heat transfer system or in a medium refrigeration system, said method comprising:
(i) removing at least a portion of said existing heat transfer fluid from said low temperature system or said medium temperature system, wherein said low temperature system has a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −40° C. to −15° C. and wherein said medium temperature system has a condenser temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator temperature from about −15° C. to 5° C., said existing heat transfer fluid being R-404A or R-22; and
(ii) replacing at least a portion of said existing heat transfer fluid by introducing into said system a heat transfer composition comprising: (a) about 25% by weight of HFC-32; (b) about 25% by weight of HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234yf and transHFO-1234ze, wherein the amount of transHFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf together is from about 20%; and (d) about 21% by weight of HFC-134a, with the weight percentages being based on the total of the components (a)-(d) in the composition, wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 8% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems, and wherein the composition is non-flammable in accordance with ASTM standard E-681.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said R-134a is present in the composition in an amount of about 21 wt %.
10. A low or medium temperature heat transfer system comprising in fluid communication a compressor, a condenser operating at a temperature from about 35° C. to about 45° C. and an evaporator operating at a temperature from about −40° C. to 5° C., and a heat transfer composition in said system, said heat transfer composition comprising: (a) about 25% by weight of HFC-32; (b) about 25% by weight of HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234yf and transHFO-1234ze, wherein the amount of transHFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf together is from about 20%; and (d) about 21% by weight of HFC-134a, with the weight percentages being based on the total of the components (a)-(d) in the composition, wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 8% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems, and wherein the composition is non-flammable in accordance with ASTM standard E-681.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said R-134a is present in the composition in an amount of about 21 wt %.
12. The heat transfer system of claim 10 wherein said evaporator has an operating temperature of from about −35° C. to about −25° C.
13. The heat transfer system of claim 10 wherein the composition exhibits a capacity within about 6% of R404A in said low temperature refrigeration systems.