In-situ homogenization of DC cast metals with additional quench
View Patent ↗The invention relates to a method and apparatus for direct chill casting ingots with in-situ homogenization. Large particles of eutectic material may form in the solid ingot and the metal may exhibit macrosegregation of alloying components, especially when large ingots are cast in this way. This can be alleviated by applying a first liquid coolant to the ingot emerging from the mold, removing the first liquid coolant at a certain distance along the ingot by means of a wiper, and then applying a second liquid coolant to perform a quench at a greater distance along the ingot. The quench raises the level of the molten sump in the ingot, which helps to overcome the indicated problems, without affecting the desired temperature rebound of the ingot shell (usually at least 425° C. (797° F.)) for a time effective to cause in-situ homogenization.
1. A method of casting a metal ingot, comprising the steps of:
(a) supplying molten metal from at least one source to a region where the molten metal is peripherally confined and forming an embryonic ingot having an external solid shell and an internal molten core;
(b) advancing the embryonic ingot in a direction of advancement away from the region where the molten metal is peripherally confined while supplying additional molten metal to said region, thereby extending the molten core contained within the solid shell beyond said region;
(c) providing direct cooling to the embryonic ingot by directing a supply of a first coolant liquid in a first amount onto an outer surface of the embryonic ingot emerging from said region where the metal is peripherally confined;
(d) removing the first coolant liquid from the outer surface of the embryonic ingot at a first location along the outer surface of the ingot where a cross section of the ingot perpendicular to the direction of advancement intersects a portion of said molten core such that internal heat from the molten core reheats the solid shell adjacent to the molten core after removing said first coolant; and
(e) providing further direct cooling to said outer surface of the embryonic ingot following said removing of said first coolant liquid by applying a second coolant liquid to said outer surface at a second location, further along the ingot from the first location in said direction of advancement, where a cross section of the ingot perpendicular to the direction of advancement intersects a portion of said molten core, said second coolant liquid being applied in a second amount that is less than said first amount of said first coolant liquid, and that is effective to quench said embryonic ingot without preventing said temperatures of said core and shell from subsequently approaching a convergence temperature of 425° C. (797° F.) or higher for a period of time of at least 10 minutes following said quench.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second location is spaced from said first location along said ingot in said direction of advancement by a distance effective to allow heat from said molten core to reheat said solid shell by at least 100° C. (212° F.) above a temperature thereof immediately following the removing of the first coolant liquid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second location is spaced from said first location along said ingot in said direction of advancement by a distance effective to allow heat from said molten core to reheat said solid shell by 200-400° C. (392-752° F.) above a temperature thereof immediately following the removing of the first coolant liquid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second location is separated from said first location along said ingot in said direction of advancement by a distance in a range of 150 to 450 mm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second location is at a position along said ingot where the temperature of the solid shell is such as to cause nucleate boiling or film boiling of said second coolant liquid.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second coolant liquid is applied in an amount that is in a range of 2 to 25% of the amount of the first coolant liquid applied in said first location.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mold is generally rectangular producing said ingot having wider rolling faces and narrower end faces.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said narrower end faces have a width of 400 mm or more.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein said further cooling of said ingot is confined to central regions of said wider rolling faces.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second coolant liquid is applied from nozzles producing sprays of coolant.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said nozzles produce sprays having a shape selected from V-shape, conical and planar.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying of said second coolant liquid reduces the temperature of said solid shell by an amount of at least 200° C. (392° F.).
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second coolant liquid comprises coolant previously used as a portion of said first coolant liquid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal is an aluminum alloy.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein primary cooling is applied to said molten metal in said region where said molten metal is peripherally confined.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said primary cooling applied in said region where said molten metal is peripherally confined is applied via a confining wall of a casting mold that is actively cooled by causing a coolant to flow through a chamber surrounding said confining wall.