Online monitoring of polymerization inhibitors for control of undesirable polymerization
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for monitoring and controlling a nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor in vinyl-based monomers. A dosage of the nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor is provided in the vinyl-based monomers. A residual concentration of the nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor is measured substantially in real time, and an optimized dosage of the nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor is provided in response to the measured residual concentration.
1. A method of monitoring and controlling a single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor in vinyl-based monomers, the method comprising:
providing a dosage of the single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor in the vinyl-based monomers;
measuring a residual concentration of the single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor substantially in real time; and
providing an optimized dosage of the single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor in response to the measured residual concentration.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residual concentration is measured on a substantially continuous basis.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing a fast flow sampling loop, and wherein the residual concentration of the single nitroxide-based inhibitor is measured after the fast flow sampling loop.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein after the fast flow sampling loop resides a continuous stirred tank reactor and an apparatus for providing the optimized dosage of the single nitroxide-based inhibitor into the continuous stirred tank reactor and wherein the residual concentration of the single nitroxide-based inhibitor is measured from the contents of the continuous stirred tank reactor.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising evaluating a degree of undesirable polymerization in the vinyl-based monomer based on the measured residual concentration.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the degree of undesirable polymerization is evaluated using at least one of an electron spin resonance spectrometer, a gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, an infrared spectrometer, a near-infrared spectrometer, a Raman spectrometer, a fluorometer, a turbidimeter, dynamic light scattering, evaporative light scattering, and a titrator.
7. The method of claim 5 further comprising co-dosing one or more retarders and/or antioxidants to the vinyl-based monomers and evaluating an effect of the co-dosed retarders and/or antioxidants on the degree of undesirable polymerization based on the measured residual concentration.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the effect of the co-dosed retarders and/or the antioxidants is evaluated using at least one of an electron spin resonance spectrometer, a gas chromatograph, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, an infrared spectrometer, a near-infrared spectrometer, a Raman spectrometer, a fluorometer, a turbidimeter, dynamic light scattering, evaporative light scattering, and a titrator.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the co-dosed retarders is non-nitroxide-based.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optimized dosage is so determined as to control an undesirable polymerization of the vinyl-based monomer during manufacture and purification thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor is 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-oxyl.
12. A method of monitoring and controlling a nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor in vinyl-based monomers, the method consisting of:
providing a dosage of a polymerization inhibitor in the vinyl-based monomers, wherein the polymerization inhibitor consists of a single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor;
measuring a residual concentration of the single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor substantially in real time; and
providing an optimized dosage of the single nitroxide-based polymerization inhibitor in response to the measured residual concentration.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising evaluating a degree of undesirable polymerization in the vinyl-based monomer based on the measured residual concentration, wherein the degree of undesirable polymerization is evaluated using an electron spin resonance spectrometer.