Inspection apparatus and method
A spectroscopic scatterometer detects both zero order and higher order radiation diffracted from an illuminated spot on a target grating. The apparatus forms and detects a spectrum of zero order (reflected) radiation, and separately forms and detects a spectrum of the higher order diffracted radiation. Each spectrum is formed using a symmetrical phase grating, so as to form and detect a symmetrical pair of spectra. The pair of spectra can be averaged to obtain a single spectrum with reduced focus sensitivity. Comparing the two spectra can yield information for improving height measurements in a subsequent lithographic step. The target grating is oriented obliquely so that the zero order and higher order radiation emanate from the spot in different planes. Two scatterometers can operate simultaneously, illuminating the target from different oblique directions. A radial transmission filter reduces sidelobes in the spot and reduces product crosstalk.
1. An inspection apparatus, comprising:
a spectroscopic scatterometer comprising:
illumination optics configured to direct broadband radiation with an angle of incidence at a spot on a target structure, the target structure in use comprising a periodic grating;
zero order detection optics configured to receive radiation reflected from the target and for forming and detecting a spectrum of the reflected radiation; and
higher order detection optics configured to receive radiation diffracted at one or more higher orders by the periodic grating in the target structure, and to form and detect a spectrum of the received diffracted radiation,
wherein the higher order detection optics comprise a diffraction grating that is symmetrical and configured to form a symmetrical pair of spectra of the higher order diffracted radiation,
wherein a pair of spectrum detectors are configured to capture the pair of spectra, and
wherein the diffraction grating is a phase grating comprising lines oriented at an oblique angle relative to a selected polarization, such that radiation of a different polarization will have its spectra formed by the phase grating at a location away from the pair of spectrum detectors.
2. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the higher order detection optics further comprise:
a focusing arrangement configured to focus the higher order diffracted radiation emanating from the spot into an image spot comprising all wavelengths of radiation, and
at least one higher order spectrum detector positioned to at least one side of the image spot, wherein the diffraction grating is positioned in an optical path between the spot and the image spot to form a spectrum of the higher order diffracted radiation on the higher order spectrum detector.
3. The inspection apparatus of claim 2 , wherein
a processor is configured to combine measurements from both detectors to obtain a single detected spectrum.
4. The inspection apparatus of claim 1 , arranged for operation with radiation at wavelengths shorter than 400 nm, wherein:
the illumination optics comprise one or more curved mirrors configured to focus the radiation into a spot on the target structure, and
the zero and higher order detection optics each comprise one or more curved mirrors configured to focus an image of the spot at a point to one side of a spectrum detector.
5. An inspection apparatus including a spectroscopic scatterometer, comprising:
illumination optics configured to direct broadband radiation with an angle of incidence at a spot on a target structure;
detection optics configured to receive radiation diffracted at a zero or higher order from the target structure and to form and detect a spectrum of the diffracted radiation,
wherein the detection optics comprises a symmetric diffraction grating arranged to form a symmetrical pair of spectra of the reflected radiation, and
wherein a pair of spectrum detectors are arranged to detect both of the spectra, and
a processor configured to combine measurements from both detectors to obtain a single detected spectrum of the reflected radiation,
wherein the symmetric diffraction grating comprises a phase grating comprising lines oriented at an oblique angle relative to a selected polarization, such that radiation of a different polarization will have its spectra formed by the phase grating at a location away from the pair of spectrum detectors.
6. The inspection apparatus of claim 5 , wherein a further detector is arranged to receive a zero order beam of the grating, the further detector being located at a point in between the pair of spectrum detectors, and wherein signals from the further detector are used for monitoring focus of the spot on the target structure.
7. The inspection apparatus of claim 5 , comprising:
first and second spectroscopic scatterometers arranged for simultaneous measurement of the same target structure,
wherein the illumination optics and detection optics of each scatterometer are arranged to process radiation in a first plane perpendicular to a plane of the target structure, and
wherein a first plane of the second scatterometer is arranged at an angle to the first plane of the first-mentioned scatterometer.
8. The inspection apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:
the detection optics is arranged to capture zero order diffracted radiation, being radiation reflected from the target structure,
the detection optics include an analyzing polarizer in a path of the reflected radiation prior to the phase grating,
the analyzing polarizer comprises a Rochon prism arranged to transmit ordinary and extraordinary rays in different directions thereby to select only one polarization for the formation of the spectra.
9. The inspection apparatus of claim 5 , wherein:
the detection optics comprise a focusing arrangement configured to focus the diffracted radiation emanating from the spot into an image spot at a location in between the spectrum detectors, and
the diffraction grating is positioned in an optical path of the focusing arrangement between the spot and the image spot so as to form the spectra of the diffracted radiation on the spectrum detectors.
10. The inspection apparatus of claim 9 arranged for operation with radiation at wavelengths shorter than 400 nm, wherein the focusing arrangement comprises one or more curved mirrors.
11. The inspection apparatus of claim 5 , further comprising a processor for processing the spectrum to correct for an aberration caused by rays of the reflected radiation being non-parallel at the location of the phase grating.
12. A spectroscopic scatterometer, comprising:
illumination optics configured to direct broadband radiation with an angle of incidence at a spot on a target structure,
detection optics configured to receive radiation diffracted at a zero or higher order from the target structure and for forming and detecting a spectrum of the diffracted radiation,
wherein the detection optics comprises a symmetric diffraction grating arranged to form a symmetrical pair of spectra of the reflected radiation, and
wherein a pair of spectrum detectors are arranged to detect both of the spectra, and
a processor configured to compare measurements from both detectors to obtain information of an apparent surface depression at the location of the target structure on a substrate,
wherein the symmetric diffraction grating is a phase grating comprising lines oriented at an oblique angle relative to a selected polarization, whereby radiation of a different polarization will have its spectra formed by the phase grating at a location away from the pair of spectrum detectors.