Antenna with multiple coupled regions
An antenna having a driven element coupled to multiple additional elements to resonate at multiple frequencies. A magnetic dipole mode is generated by coupling a driven element to a second element, and additional resonances are generated by coupling additional elements to either or both of the driven or second element. One or multiple active components can be coupled to one or more of the coupled elements to provide dynamic tuning of the coupled or driven elements.
1. An antenna having multiple coupled regions, comprising:
a driven element positioned above a circuit board, the driven element having a vertical conductor portion extending vertically from a circuit board to a vertical terminus and a horizontal conductor portion extending horizontally from the vertical terminus to a horizontal terminus, wherein the driven element is configured to couple with a transceiver;
a first passive element positioned above the circuit board and adjacent to the driven element, the first passive element and the horizontal conductor portion of the driven element configured to form a first coupling region therebetween, wherein the first passive element and the driven element are capacitively coupled at the first coupling region; and
an active coupling element comprising a conductor being positioned adjacent to the first passive element, the active coupling element and the first passive element forming an active coupling region therebetween, the active coupling element being coupled to an active tuning component for varying a tunable reactance thereof for adjusting a resonance of the active coupling region;
wherein the antenna is configured to simultaneously provide each of:
a first static frequency response associated with the first coupling region, and
a distinct dynamic frequency response associated with the active coupling region.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first passive element is coupled to a passive component selected from a capacitor, resistor, and an inductor.
3. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the active tuning component is selected from a variable capacitor, a variable inductor, a MEMS device, MOSFET, or a switch.
4. The antenna of claim 1 , comprising two or more passive elements.
5. The antenna of claim 1 , comprising two or more active coupling elements.
6. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of said first passive element is disposed between said driven element and said circuit board.
7. The antenna of claim 5 , wherein at least a portion of one of said active coupling elements is disposed between said driven element and said circuit board.
8. The antenna of claim 5 , further comprising a switch, wherein each of said two or more active coupling elements is coupled to said switch to form a switch network; wherein the antenna is configured to select among the two or more active coupling elements for configuring multiple active resonances of the antenna.
9. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the horizontal conductor portion of the driven element is configured to couple with each of the first passive element and the active coupling element; the first passive element being configured to couple with the horizontal conductor portion of the driven element to form a first coupling region therebetween, and wherein said active coupling element is configured to couple with the horizontal conductor portion of the driven element to form an active coupling region therebetween.
10. The antenna of claim 5 , wherein each of said active coupling elements is further coupled to an active tuning component for providing a plurality of configurable resonances.
11. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna is configured to form each of:
a first static coupling region disposed between the first passive element and the horizontal conductor portion of the driven element;
a first active coupling region disposed between the first passive element and the active coupling element; and
a second active coupling region disposed between the horizontal conductor portion of the driven element and the active coupling element.
12. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna is configured to form a current loop, the current loop extending along the vertical conductor portion and the horizontal conductor portion, the current loop being bifurcated at the horizontal terminus with at least a first portion thereof continuing through the first passive element and at least a second portion thereof continuing through the second passive element.
13. An antenna having multiple coupled regions, comprising:
a driven element positioned above a circuit board, the driven element having a vertical conductor portion extending vertically from a circuit board to a vertical terminus and a horizontal conductor portion extending horizontally from the vertical terminus to a horizontal terminus;
a first passive element positioned above the circuit board and adjacent to the driven element, the first passive element and the horizontal conductor portion of the driven element configured to form a first coupling region therebetween, wherein the first passive element and the driven element are capacitively coupled at the first coupling region; and
an active coupling element comprising a conductor being positioned adjacent to the driven element, the active coupling element and the driven element forming an active coupling region therebetween, the active coupling element being coupled to an active tuning component for varying a tunable reactance thereof for adjusting a resonance of the active coupling region;
wherein the antenna is configured to simultaneously provide each of:
a first static frequency response associated with the first coupling region, and
a dynamic frequency response associated with the active coupling region.