Apparatus and method for angular response calibration of photon-counting detectors in sparse spectral computed tomography imaging

1. A method for detector angular response calibration in computed-tomography (CT), the method comprising:

capturing incident X-ray photons, emitted from an X-ray source at a given view using pre-determined scan parameters, via a plurality of energy-discriminating detectors;

determining photon counts of the captured incident X-ray photons in a plurality of energy windows at each energy-discriminating detector; and

adjusting the photon counts in each of the plurality of energy windows at each energy-discriminating detector based on a pre-determined detector angular response calibration look-up table.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting step comprises:

estimating patient attenuation parameters based on the determined photon counts;

obtaining an effective detection efficiency parameter value for the given view in each energy window at each energy-discriminating detector based on the pre-determined detector angular response calibration look-up table, the estimated patient attenuation parameters, and the pre-determined scan parameters; and

adjusting the photon counts for the given view in each energy window at each energy-discriminating detector based on the obtained effective detection efficiency parameter value.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the estimating step comprises:

estimating the patient attenuation parameters by performing a first-pass of image reconstruction based on an uncorrected detection efficiency parameter value.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the estimating step comprises:

iteratively approximating the patient attenuation parameters.

5. A computed-tomography (CT) apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of energy-discriminating detectors configured to capture incident X-ray photons emitted from an X-ray source at a given view using pre-determined scan parameters; and

a processor configured to

determine photon counts of the captured incident X-ray photons in a plurality of energy windows at each energy-discriminating detector; and

adjust the photon counts in each of the plurality of energy windows at each energy-discriminating detector based on a pre-determined detector angular response calibration look-up table.

6. The CT apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the processor is further configured to:

estimate patient attenuation parameters based on the determined photon counts;

obtain an effective detection efficiency parameter value for the given view in each energy window at each energy-discriminating detector based on the pre-determined detector angular response calibration look-up table, the estimated patient attenuation parameters, and the pre-determined scan parameters; and

adjust the photon counts for the given view in each energy window at each energy-discriminating detector based on the obtained effective detection efficiency parameter value.

7. The CT apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the processor is further configured to:

estimate the patient attenuation parameters by performing a first-pass of image reconstruction based on an uncorrected detection efficiency.

8. The CT apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the estimating step comprises:

iteratively approximating the patient attenuation parameters.

9. A method to determine a detector angular response calibration look-up table to calibrate angular responses of a plurality of energy-discriminating detectors, each detector having a plurality of energy windows, in a computed-tomography (CT) apparatus, the method comprising:

determining an initial detection efficiency parameter value for each of a plurality of combinations of incident angle and energy level by simulating a pre-determined number of single-energy photons at each combination of incident angle and energy level;

calculating an incident spectrum on each energy-discriminating detector for each of a plurality of combinations of pre-determined scan parameters, energy level, and pre-determined patient attenuation parameters;

performing a set of calibration scans using the plurality of combinations of pre-determined scan parameters with a phantom arranged within the CT apparatus, the phantom corresponding to the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters;

measuring detected counts for each energy window at each energy-discriminating detector for each combination of pre-determined scan parameters and the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters;

determining a detection efficiency parameter value corresponding to each energy window of each energy-discriminating detector, each combination of pre-determined scan parameters, and the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters, based on the initial detection efficiency parameter value, the incident spectrum, and the detected counts; and

determining the detector angular response calibration look-up table based on the determined detection efficiency parameter values corresponding to each energy window of each energy-discriminating detector, the pre-determined scan parameters, and the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of determining the initial detection efficiency comprises:

simulating the pre-determined number of single-energy photons at each combination of energy level and incident angle;

calculating a total detected count of incident X-ray photons at each energy-discriminating detector based on the simulated pre-determined number of single-energy photons; and

calculating the initial detection efficiency parameter value for each of the plurality of combinations of incident angle and energy level, based on the pre-determined number of single-energy photons and the calculated total detected count.

11. An apparatus to determine a detector angular response calibration look-up table to calibrate angular responses of a plurality of energy-discriminating detectors, each detector having a plurality of energy windows, in a computed-tomography (CT) apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

a processor configured to

determine an initial detection efficiency parameter value for each of a plurality of combinations of incident angle and energy level by simulating a pre-determined number of single-energy photons at each combination of incident angle and energy level;

calculate an incident spectrum on each energy-discriminating detector for each of a plurality of combinations of pre-determined scan parameters, energy level, and pre-determined patient attenuation parameters;

perform a set of calibration scans using the plurality of combinations of pre-determined scan parameters with a phantom arranged within the CT apparatus, the phantom corresponding to the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters;

measure detected counts for each energy window at each energy-discriminating detector for each combination of pre-determined scan parameters and the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters;

determine a detection efficiency parameter value corresponding to each energy window of each energy-discriminating detector, each combination of pre-determined scan parameters, and the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters, based on the initial detection efficiency parameter value, the incident spectrum, and the detected counts; and

determine the detector angular response calibration look-up table based on the determined detection efficiency parameter values corresponding to each energy window of each energy-discriminating detector, the pre-determined scan parameters, and the pre-determined patient attenuation parameters.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein, in determining the initial detection efficiency, the processor is further configured to:

simulate the pre-determined number of single-energy photons at each combination of energy level and incident angle;

calculate a total detected count of incident X-ray photons at each energy-discriminating detector based on the simulated pre-determined number of single-energy photons; and

calculate the initial detection efficiency parameter value for each of the plurality of combinations of incident angle and energy level, based on the pre-determined number of single-energy photons and the calculated total detected count