SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY PACK, ELECTRIC VEHICLE, ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, ELECTRIC POWER TOOL, AND ELECTRONIC UNIT
A secondary battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and an electrolytic solution, in which an open-circuit voltage under a fully-charged state per pair of the cathode and the anode is about 4.3 V or over, and the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by an expression (1): where X is a divalent group in which m-number of >C═CR1R2 and n-number of >CR3R4 are bonded in any order, R1 to R4 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, any two or more of R1 to R4 may be bonded to one another, and m and n satisfy m≧1 and n≧0, respectively.
1 . A secondary battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolytic solution,
wherein an open-circuit voltage under a fully-charged state per pair of the cathode and the anode is about 4.3 V or over, and
the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by an expression (1):
where X is a divalent group in which m-number of >C═CR1R2 and n-number of >CR3R4 are bonded in any order, R1 to R4 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, any two or more of R1 to R4 may be bonded to one another, and m and n satisfy m≧1 and n≧0, respectively.
2 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the halogen group is a fluorine group, a chlorine group, a bromine group, or a an iodine group, and
the monovalent hydrocarbon group, the monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a group in which two or more of the groups are bonded together, a group in which one or more of hydrogen groups in any of the groups are substituted with a halogen group.
3 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate is represented by an expression (2) or an expression (3):
where R5 to R10 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, R5 and R6 may be bonded to each other, and any two or more of R7 to R10 may be bonded to one another.
4 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate is represented by any one of expressions (1-1) to (1-56):
5 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate in the electrolytic solution is within a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt % both inclusive.
6 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode includes a compound represented by an expression (21):
Li 1+a Mn b Ni c Co d O e (21)
where a to e satisfy 0<a<0.4, 0.4<b<1, 0≦c<0.4, 0≦d<0.4, 1.9<e<2.1, and a+b+c+d=1.
7 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the cathode includes a cathode active material layer, and
the cathode active material layer has a thickness of about 40 μm or over.
8 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the anode includes an anode active material layer, and
the anode active material layer has a thickness of about 20 μm or over.
9 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium-ion secondary battery.
10 . A battery pack comprising:
a secondary battery;
a control section controlling a usage state of the secondary battery; and
a switch section switching the usage state of the secondary battery according to an instruction from the control section,
wherein the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
an open-circuit voltage under a fully-charged state per pair of the cathode and the anode is about 4.3 V or over, and
the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by an expression (1):
where X is a divalent group in which m-number of >C═CR1R2 and n-number of >CR3R4 are bonded in any order, R1 to R4 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, any two or more of R1 to R4 may be bonded to one another, and m and n satisfy m≧1 and n≧0, respectively.
11 . An electric vehicle comprising:
a secondary battery;
a conversion section converting electric power supplied from the secondary battery into driving force;
a drive section operating according to the driving force; and
a control section controlling a usage state of the secondary battery,
wherein the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
an open-circuit voltage under a fully-charged state per pair of the cathode and the anode is about 4.3 V or over, and
the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by an expression (1):
where X is a divalent group in which m-number of >C═CR1R2 and n-number of >CR3R4 are bonded in any order, R1 to R4 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, any two or more of R1 to R4 may be bonded to one another, and m and n satisfy m≧1 and n≧0, respectively.
12 . An electric energy storage system comprising:
a secondary battery;
one or two or more electrical units receiving electric power from the secondary battery; and
a control section controlling electric power supply from the secondary battery to the electrical unit,
wherein the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
an open-circuit voltage under a fully-charged state per pair of the cathode and the anode is about 4.3 V or over, and
the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by an expression (1):
where X is a divalent group in which m-number of >C═CR1R2 and n-number of >CR3R4 are bonded in any order, R1 to R4 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, any two or more of R1 to R4 may be bonded to one another, and m and n satisfy m≧1 and n≧0, respectively.
13 . An electric power tool comprising:
a secondary battery; and
a movable section receiving electric power from the secondary battery,
wherein the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,
an open-circuit voltage under a fully-charged state per pair of the cathode and the anode is about 4.3 V or over, and
the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by an expression (1):
where X is a divalent group in which m-number of >C═CR1R2 and n-number of >CR3R4 are bonded in any order, R1 to R4 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, any two or more of R1 to R4 may be bonded to one another, and m and n satisfy m≧1 and n≧0, respectively.
14 . An electronic unit with a secondary battery as a power supply source, the secondary battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode; and
an electrolytic solution,
wherein an open-circuit voltage under a fully-charged state per pair of the cathode and the anode is about 4.3 V or over, and
the electrolytic solution includes an unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate represented by an expression (1):
where X is a divalent group in which m-number of >C═CR1R2 and n-number of >CR3R4 are bonded in any order, R1 to R4 each are a hydrogen group, a halogen group, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a monovalent oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent halogenated oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, any two or more of R1 to R4 may be bonded to one another, and m and n satisfy m≧1 and n≧0, respectively.