Natural oil based gels, applications and methods of preparation
The present invention relates to novel non-aqueous gels of natural oils and their derivatives and provides a novel process for the gelation of natural oils and their derivatives that does not require the addition of gellants or the irreversible heat bodying of the oil. The gels and method of the present invention are applicable to a wide range of natural oils, and the method is easily tailored to provide thermoreversible gels of any desired viscosity. The natural oil based gels of the present invention and the method of their preparation have many advantages over the prior art. The natural oil based gels provided have exemplary properties and find use in a variety of applications.
1. An anhydrous natural oil based thermoreversible ionomeric gel selected from the group consisting of Formulas (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), and mixtures thereof;
where R represents the carbon and functional moieties from a natural oil after undergoing the ene or Diels Alder reaction; wherein said natural oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, avocado oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, tall oil, rosin oil and tung oil; M is selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metals; wherein the natural oil contains greater than about 80 percent of unsaturated or conjugated unsaturated fatty acids that have been reacted with a maleic anhydride substrate capable of undergoing an ene or Diels Alder reaction to form an adduct; said adduct being subjected to a reaction with an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate base to form the anhydrous thermoreversible ionomeric gel.
2. An ink vehicle comprising the thermoreversible gel of claim 1 .
3. A dispersant comprising the thermoreversible gel of claim 1 .
4. The thermoreversible gel of claim 1 as a carrier and an additive in oilfield applications.
5. The thermoreversible gel of claim 1 as a thickener and an additive in drilling fluids.
6. A natural oil based thermoreversible ionomeric gel selected from the group consisting of Formulas (v), (vi), (vii) and (viii) and mixtures thereof;
where R represents the carbon and functional moieties from a natural oil after undergoing the ene or Diels Alder reaction; wherein said natural oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, avocado oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, tall oil, rosin oil and tung oil; where the natural oil contains greater than about 80 percent of unsaturated or conjugated unsaturated fatty acids that have been reacted with a maleic anhydride substrate capable of undergoing an ene or Diels Alder reaction to form an adduct that is further esterified and neutralized with triethanolamine or an alkoxylated triethanolamine to form the thermoreversible ionomeric gel.
7. An ink vehicle comprising the thermoreversible gel of claim 6 .
8. A dispersant comprising the thermoreversible gel of claim 6 .
9. The thermoreversible gel of claim 6 as a carrier and an additive in oilfield applications.
10. The thermoreversible gel of claim 6 , as a thickener and an additive in drilling fluids.
11. A method for providing the thermoreversible gel of claim 1 ; said method comprising:
(a) reacting the natural oil with a maleic anhydride substrate that is capable of undergoing an “ene” or Diels Alder reaction with said natural oil to form an adduct wherein said natural oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, avocado oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, tall oil, rosin oil and tung oil; and
(b) subjecting said adduct to a controlled non-aqueous neutralization with a suitable inorganic base selected from the group consisting of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, where the neutralization is carried out with less than the theoretical stoichimetric amount of base required for complete neutralization.
12. A method for providing the thermoreversible gel of claim 6 , said method comprising:
(a) reacting the natural oil with a maleic anhydride substrate that is capable of undergoing an “ene” or Diels Alder reaction with said natural oil to form an adduct wherein said natural oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, avocado oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, tall oil, rosin oil and tung oil; and
(b) subjecting said adduct to a controlled esterification/neutralization reaction with a triethanolamine or alkoxylated triethanolamine where the amount of triethanolamine or alkoxylated triethanolamine reacted is less than the theoretical stoichimetric amount required for complete reaction.