Real-time dynamic tracking of bias

1. A device comprising:

at least one sensor configured to generate at least one output;

a processor configured to estimate bias associated with said at least one sensor using at least a first bias estimating technique to generate a first bias estimate and a second bias estimating technique to generate a second bias estimate; and

said processor configured to generate an estimated state for use in bias estimation when said at least one output is not available during a desired time interval.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said first bias estimate and said second bias estimate are associated with a non-zero value output from said sensor when said 3-D pointing device to which said sensor is attached is stationary.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein said first bias estimate and said second bias estimate are combined to generate an output bias estimate.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein one of said first bias estimate and said second bias estimate are selected to generate an output bias estimate.

5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said first bias estimating technique generates said first bias estimate based upon detection of a change in angle of said 3-D pointing device relative to one of a plurality of different axes.

6. The device of claim 1 , wherein said first bias estimating technique generates said first bias estimate based upon slew-rate filtering.

7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said combining is performed by a Kalman filter to generate said output bias estimate.

8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said sensor is a MEMS device.

9. The device of claim 1 , wherein said first bias estimating technique generates said first bias estimate based upon determining whether said 3-D pointing device within which said sensor is located is stationary.

10. The device of claim, wherein said first bias estimating technique determines that said device is stationary when peak-to-peak values received from said sensor are less than a predetermined threshold.

11. The device of claim 1 wherein said first bias estimating technique generates said first bias estimate based upon detection of a pitch of said 3-D pointing device within which said sensor is located.

12. The device of claim 11 , wherein said first bias estimate is determined over a variable time window, said variable time window varying based upon measurement noise associated with data generated by said sensor.

13. The device of claim 11 , wherein said first bias estimating technique operates in one mode to generate said first bias estimates as individual data points which converge over time.

14. The device of claim 11 , wherein said first bias estimating technique operates in one mode to generate said first bias estimates using a line intersection technique associated with two individual bias estimates by combining two measurements of biases of pitch angular rates at two different roll angles.

15. The device of claim 11 , wherein said first bias estimating technique operates in one mode to generate said first bias estimates by mapping averaged values output by said sensor into a bias of a yaw angular rate and a bias of a pitch angular rate defined in a user frame of reference.

16. The device of claim 11 , wherein said first bias estimating technique calculates a difference between a first change of elevation angle determined using data output from said sensor and a second change of elevation angle determined using data output from another sensor.

17. The device of claim 16 , wherein said sensor is an accelerometer and said another sensor is a sensor which measures rotation of said 3-D pointing device about an axis.

18. The device of claim 11 , wherein said first bias estimating technique operates in one of three modes to generate said first bias estimates including:

(a) a first mode for generating said first bias estimates as individual data points which converge over time;

(b) a second mode to generate said first bias estimates using a line intersection technique associated with two individual bias estimates; and

(c) a third mode for generating said first bias estimates by mapping averaged values output by said sensor into a bias of a yaw angular rate and a bias of a pitch angular rate defined in a user frame of reference.

19. The device of claim 18 , wherein said first bias estimating technique operates in said third mode if (a) a measurement error variance associated with said first bias estimate is smaller than a first predetermined threshold, (b) a time window size over which said first bias estimate is calculated is smaller than a second predetermined threshold, and (c) a difference between a roll angle measured in a current time window and a roll angle measured in a previous time window is smaller than a third predetermined threshold.

20. The device of claim 18 , wherein said first bias estimating technique operates in said second mode if (a) a difference between a roll angle measured in a current time window and a roll angle measured in a previous time window is greater than a first predetermined threshold and (b) a time gap between a current time window and a previous time window is shorter than a predetermined amount of time.

21. A device comprising:

at least one sensor for detecting rotation of said device about at least one axis and generating a first output associated therewith;

an accelerometer for detecting acceleration of said device and generating a second output associated therewith; and

a processor for receiving said first and second outputs, determining a bias value associated with said first output using at least one of a first bias estimation technique a second bias estimation technique, a third bias estimation technique and a fourth bias estimation technique,

wherein said first bias estimation technique is based upon determining whether said device is stationary, said second bias estimation technique is based upon detection of a pitch of said device, said third bias estimation technique is based upon slew-rate and said fourth bias estimation is based upon a temperature output.

22. The device of claim 21 , wherein said first, second, third and fourth bias estimation are processed based on a priority order.