Dicarboxylate-capped estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Described herein are dicarboxylate-capped estolide compound and methods of making the same. Exemplary dicarboxylate-capped estolide compounds include those of the formula x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20; y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20; W is, independently for each occurrence, selected from —CH 2 — and —CH═CH—; z is an integer selected from 1 to 40; n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; R 5 is selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, and an estolide residue; and R 2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one compound is independently optionally substituted.
1. At least one compound of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 2 to 8;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
z is an integer selected from 4 to 18;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6;
W is, independently for each occurrence, selected from —CH 2 — and —CH═CH—;
R 5 is selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, and an estolide residue; and
R 2 is selected from hydrogen and unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one compound is unsubstituted.
2. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein x+y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 13 to 15.
3. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein z is an integer selected from 6 to 16.
4. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein z is 10.
5. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein n is 0.
6. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 5 and R 2 are hydrogen.
7. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
8. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 5 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
9. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 5 is an estolide residue selected from the structure of Formula III:
wherein
x′, independently for each occurrence, is an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y′, independently for each occurrence, is an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n′ is an integer selected from 0 to 6; and
R 6 is selected from hydrogen and unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched.
10. The at least one compound according to claim 9 , wherein
x′ is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8; and
y′ is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
11. The at least one compound according to claim 9 , wherein n′ is 0.
12. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein
n is 0;
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8; and
R 5 and R 2 are independently selected from branched C 4 to C 20 alkyl.
13. The at least one compound according to any claim 3 , wherein z is 16.
14. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein W is —CH 2 —.
15. The at least one compound according to claim 1 , wherein y is 0 for each occurrence.
16. The at least one compound according to claim 15 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, and integer selected from 7 and 8.
17. The at least one compound according to claim 16 , R 5 and R 2 are independently selected from unsubstituted C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated and branched or unbranched.
18. The at least one compound according to claim 16 , wherein R 5 and R 2 are independently selected from branched C 4 to C 20 alkyl.
19. The at least one compound according to claim 18 , wherein R 5 and R 2 are 2-ethylhexyl.
20. The at least one compound according to claim 9 , wherein z is an integer selected from 6 to 16.