Ventilation mask with integrated piloted exhalation valve
A mask for achieving positive pressure mechanical ventilation (inclusive of CPAP, ventilator support, critical care ventilation, emergency applications), and a method for a operating a ventilation system including such mask. The mask includes a piloted exhalation valve that is used to achieve the target pressures/flows to the patient. The pilot for the valve may be pneumatic and driven from the gas supply tubing from the ventilator. The pilot may also be a preset pressure derived in the mask, a separate pneumatic line from the ventilator, or an electro-mechanical control. The mask of the present invention may further include a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) which is integrated therein.
1. A ventilation mask, comprising:
a housing sized and configured to be positionable between a patient's nose and mouth in contact with the patient's nose, the housing defining an internal fluid chamber, at least one gas delivery lumen which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber, and a valve pilot lumen; and
a piloted exhalation valve attached to the housing and at least partially residing within the fluid chamber thereof, the exhalation valve comprising:
a valve housing defining a valve chamber which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber, the pilot lumen and ambient air; and
a diaphragm disposed within the valve chamber, the diaphragm normally being biased to an open position wherein the fluid chamber fluidly communicates with ambient air via the valve chamber, and a closed position wherein fluid communication between the fluid chamber and ambient air is blocked thereby, the movement of the diaphragm from the open position to the closed position being facilitated by the selective pressurization of at least a portion of the valve chamber via the pilot lumen.
2. The ventilation mask of claim 1 wherein the housing further defines a pressure sensing lumen which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber.
3. The ventilation mask of claim 1 wherein the housing is a resilient cushion including a spaced pair of hollow pillow portions which each fluidly communicate with the fluid chamber and are adapted to engage respective ones of the nostrils of the patient's nose.
4. The ventilation mask of claim 3 further comprising a heat and moisture exchanger disposed within the fluid chamber between the exhalation valve and the pillow portions of the cushion.
5. The ventilation mask of claim 3 wherein the valve housing comprises:
a seat member; and
a cap member attached to the seat member, the seat and cap members collectively defining the valve chamber;
the diaphragm being captured between the seat and cap members in a manner wherein the diaphragm effectively segregates the valve chamber into a pilot section which fluidly communicates with the pilot lumen and an exhaust section which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber in ambient air.
6. The ventilation mask of claim 5 wherein the diaphragm and the seat member define complimentary seating surfaces which are sized and configured relative to each other such that the movement of the diaphragm to the closed position facilitates the placement of the seating surfaces into sealed engagement with each other in a manner blocking fluid communication between the fluid chamber and ambient air.
7. The ventilation mask of claim 6 wherein the seat member includes a plurality of vents which are disposed therein and collectively define a fluid conduit between the fluid chamber and the exhaust section of the valve chamber.
8. The ventilation mask of claim 7 wherein the vents of the seat member reside within the fluid chamber of the cushion.
9. The ventilation mask of claim 8 further comprising a shield plate attached to the cushion and partially defining the fluid chamber, the shield plate including an opening therein which is sized and configured to accommodate a portion of the seat member.
10. The ventilation mask of claim 9 further comprising a reinforcement frame member which is attached to the cushion, the frame member spanning the shield plate and including an opening therein which is coaxially aligned with the opening of the shield plate and is size and configured to accommodate a portion of the seat member.
11. A ventilation mask, comprising:
a housing sized and configured to be positionable between a patient's nose and mouth in contact with the patient's nose, the housing defining an internal fluid chamber; and
an exhalation valve attached to the housing and at least partially residing within the fluid chamber thereof, the exhalation valve comprising:
a valve housing defining a valve chamber which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber via at least one vent and with ambient air via at least one outlet conduit; and
a diaphragm disposed within the valve chamber, the diaphragm being selectively movable between an open position wherein the fluid chamber fluidly communicates with ambient air via the valve chamber, and a closed position wherein fluid communication between the fluid chamber and ambient air is blocked thereby;
the vent of the valve housing residing and being enclosed within the fluid chamber, with the outlet conduit of the valve housing protruding from the fluid chamber.
12. The ventilation mask of claim 11 wherein the housing is a resilient cushion including a spaced pair of hollow pillow portions which each fluidly communicate with the fluid chamber and are adapted to engage respective ones of the nostrils of a patient's nose.
13. The ventilation mask of claim 12 further comprising a heat and moisture exchanger disposed within the fluid chamber between the exhalation valve and the pillow portions of the cushion.
14. The ventilation mask of claim 12 wherein the valve housing comprises:
a seat member defining the vent and the outlet conduit; and
a cap member attached to the seat member, the seat and cap members collectively defining the valve chamber;
the diaphragm being captured between the seat and cap members in a manner wherein the diaphragm effectively segregates the valve chamber into at least two sections, one of which fluidly communicates with the vent and the outlet conduit.
15. The ventilation mask of claim 14 wherein the diaphragm and the seat member define complimentary seating surfaces and are sized and configured relative to each other such that the movement of the diaphragm to the closed position facilitates the placement of the seating surfaces into sealed engagement with each other in a manner blocking fluid communication between the vent and the outlet conduit.
16. The ventilation mask of claim 15 wherein the seat member includes a plurality of vents which collectively define a fluid conduit.
17. The ventilation mask of claim 15 further comprising a shield plate attached to the cushion and partially defining the fluid chamber, the shield plate including an opening therein which is sized and configured to accommodate a portion of the seat member which defines the outlet conduit thereof.
18. The ventilation mask of claim 17 further comprising a reinforcement frame member which is attached to the cushion, the frame member spanning the shield plate and including an opening therein which is coaxially aligned with the opening of the shield plate and is sized and configured to accommodate the portion of the seat member which defines the outlet conduit thereof.
19. A ventilation mask, comprising:
a housing sized and configured to be positionable between a patient's nose and mouth in contact with the patient's nose, the housing defining an internal fluid chamber, at least one gas delivery lumen which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber, and a valve pilot lumen; and
an exhalation valve at least partially residing within the fluid chamber of the housing, the exhalation valve including:
a valve chamber which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber, the pilot lumen and ambient air; and
a diaphragm which is disposed within the valve chamber, the diaphragm being movable between an open position wherein the fluid chamber fluidly communicates with ambient air via the valve chamber, and a closed position wherein fluid communication between the fluid chamber and ambient air is blocked thereby;
the movement of the diaphragm from the open position to the closed position being facilitated by the selective pressurization of at least a portion of the valve chamber via the pilot lumen.
20. The ventilation mask of claim 19 wherein the housing further defines a pressure sensing lumen which fluidly communicates with the fluid chamber.