Composition
There is provided an anti-fouling composition comprising (i) a surface coating material; (ii) (a) a first enzyme; and (b) a first substrate, wherein action of the first enzyme on the first substrate provides a second substrate (iil) a second enzyme, wherein the second enzyme is encapsulated in a silicate, and wherein said second enzyme generates an anti-foulant compound when acting on said second substrate.
1 . An anti-fouling composition comprising
(i) a surface coating material;
(ii) (a) a first enzyme; and
(b) a first substrate, wherein action of the first enzyme on the first substrate provides a second substrate
(iil) a second enzyme, wherein the second enzyme is encapsulated in a silicate, and wherein said second enzyme generates an anti-foulant compound when acting on to said second substrate.
2 . A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the first enzyme is encapsulated.
3 . A composition according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the encapsulated second enzyme is a co-precipitate of an enzyme, a silicate and a N-containing organic template molecule.
4 . A composition according to claim 3 , wherein the silicate is obtained by neutralising an alkali metal silicate.
5 . A composition according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the N-containing organic template molecule is a polyamine, a modified polyamine, polyethyleneimine, a polypeptide or a modified polypeptide.
6 . A composition according to claim 5 , wherein the enzyme:polyethyleneimine ratio is from about 0.3 to about 10.
7 . A composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the first enzyme is glucoamylase.
8 . A composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the first substrate is an oligomer or a polymer of said second substrate.
9 . A composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the first substrate is starch.
10 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the second enzyme is an oxidase.
11 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the second enzyme is an oxidoreductase.
12 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the second enzyme is selected from hexose oxidase and glucose oxidase.
13 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the second enzyme is a hexose oxidase.
14 . A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein the second enzyme is a glucose oxidase.
15 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of first enzyme:second enzyme is at least 1:2.
16 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of first enzyme:second enzyme is at least 1:10.
17 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of first enzyme:second enzyme is at least 1:50.
18 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the second substrate is a sugar.
19 . A composition according to claim 18 wherein the sugar is glucose.
20 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the composition further comprises a binder to immobilise at least one of the constituents of the composition.
21 . A composition according to claim 20 wherein the binder immobilises at least the second enzyme.
22 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the composition is formulated as a coating, a lacquer, a stain or an enamel.
23 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the surface coating material comprises components selected from polyvinyl chloride resins in a solvent based system, chlorinated rubbers in a solvent based system, acrylic resins and methacrylate resins in solvent based or aqueous systems, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer systems as aqueous dispersions or solvent based systems, polyvinyl methyl ether, butadiene copolymers such as butadiene-styrene rubbers, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers, and butadiene-styrene-acrylonitrile rubbers, drying oils such as linseed oil, alkyd resins, asphalt, epoxy resins, urethane resins, polyester resins, phenolic resins, natural) rosin, rosin derivatives, disproportionated rosin, partly polymerised rosin, hydrogenated rosin, gum rosin, disproportionated gum rosin, non-aqueous dispersion binder systems, silylated acrylate binder systems, metal acrylate binder systems, derivatives and mixtures thereof.
24 . A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the surface coating material is a resin.
25 . A process for the preparation of a silicate encapsulated enzyme comprising the steps of
(i) providing a fermentation broth containing an enzyme or an enzyme isolated from a fermentation broth without drying
(ii) encapsulating the enzyme in a silicate.
26 . A process according to claim 25 characterised by the features of any one of claims 1 to 24 .
27 . A silicate encapsulated enzyme obtained or obtainable by a process according to claim 25 or 26 .
28 . An anti-fouling composition comprising
(i) a surface coating material;
(ii) (a) a first enzyme; and
(b) a first substrate, wherein action of the first enzyme on the first substrate provides a second substrate
(iil) a second enzyme, wherein the second enzyme is a silicate encapsulated enzyme according to claim 27 , and wherein said second enzyme generates an anti-foulant compound when acting on said second substrate.
29 . A coating consisting of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 24 .
30 . A marine anti-foul consisting of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 24 .
31 . A marine anti-foul according to claim 30 wherein the anti-foulant is self-polishing.
32 . A method for releasing an anti-fouling compound from a surface coating, which method comprises incorporating in a surface coating
(i) a surface coating material;
(ii) (a) a first enzyme; and
(b) a first substrate, wherein action of the first enzyme on the first substrate provides a second substrate
(iil) a second enzyme, wherein the second enzyme is encapsulated in a silicate, and wherein said second enzyme generates an anti-foulant compound when acting on said second substrate.
33 . A coating as substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the Examples.
34 . A marine anti-foul as substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the Examples.
35 . A method as substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the Examples.
36 . A process as substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the Examples.