Blends of sulfonated block copolymers and particulate carbon and membranes, films, and coatings comprising them
View Patent ↗Blends comprising a sulfonated block copolymer and particulate carbon are useful materials for membranes, films and coatings in applications which require high dimensional stability, high water vapor transport, high conductivity, and low flammability. The sulfonated block copolymer comprises at least two polymer end blocks A and at least one polymer interior block B wherein each A block contains essentially no sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups and each B block is a polymer block containing from about 10 to about 100 mol percent sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups based on the number of monomer units of the B block.
1. An electrode or membrane comprising:
a) at least one sulfonated block copolymer comprising at least two polymer end blocks A and at least one polymer interior block B wherein each A block contains essentially no sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups and each B block is a polymer block containing from about 10 to about 100 mol percent sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups based on the number of monomer units of the B block; and
b) particulate carbon;
wherein the particulate carbon (b) and the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) are present in a weight ratio of at least 0.01:1;
wherein (a) and (b) are provided in a dispersion;
wherein the electrode or membrane has a thickness ranging from 0.5 μm to 1000 μm; and
wherein the electrode or membrane exhibits an area resistance of no more than 5 Ωcm 2 .
2. The electrode or membrane of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) has the general configuration A-B-A, A-B-A-B-A, (A-B-A)nX, (AB)nX, A-D-B-D-A, A-B-D-B-A, (A-D-B)nX, (A-B-D)nX or mixtures thereof, wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 30, and X is a coupling agent residue, and when the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) includes at least one block D, each D block is a polymer block resistant to sulfonation and the plurality of A blocks are the same or different from each other, the plurality of B blocks are the same or different from each other, or the plurality of D blocks are the same or different from each other.
3. The electrode or membrane of claim 2 , wherein each D block is selected from the group consisting of (i) a polymerized or copolymerized conjugated diene selected from isoprene, 1,3-butadiene having a vinyl content prior to hydrogenation of between 20 and 80 mol percent, (ii) a polymerized acrylate monomer, (iii) a silicon polymer, (iv) polymerized isobutylene and (v) mixtures thereof, wherein any segments containing polymerized 1,3-butadiene or isoprene are subsequently hydrogenated.
4. The electrode or membrane of claim 1 , wherein the particulate carbon (b) is coke, carbon black, activated carbon, or carbon nanotubes, optionally comprising a catalytic metal component.
5. The electrode or membrane of claim 1 , wherein the particulate carbon (b) has an average particle size of from 0.1 nm to about 100 μm.
6. The electrode or membrane of claim 1 , wherein the particulate carbon (b) is an activated carbon, optionally comprising a catalytic metal of Group 8, 9, 10, or 11 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
7. The electrode or membrane of claim 1 , wherein the particulate carbon (b) and the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) are present in a weight ratio of from 0.05:1 to 4:1.
8. A process for the manufacture of the electrode or membrane of claim 1 which comprises
i) providing the dispersion comprising (a) and (b) of claim 1 ; and (c) at least one organic solvent as a liquid constituent;
ii) casting the dispersion;
iii) evaporating the at least one organic solvent (c) to obtain the electrode or membrane; and
iv) optionally immersing the electrode or membrane obtained in (iii) in water or an aqueous medium.
9. An article comprising the electrode or membrane of claim 1 .
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) and the particulate carbon (b) are present in a weight ratio of the particulate carbon (b) to the copolymer of from about 0.01:1 to about 1:1.
11. A composition comprising:
(a) at least one sulfonated block copolymer comprising at least two polymer end blocks A and at least one polymer interior block B wherein each A block contains essentially no sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups and each B block is a polymer block containing from about 10 to about 100 mol percent sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups based on the number of monomer units of the B block;
(b) particulate carbon; and
(c) optionally a liquid constituent,
wherein the particulate carbon (b) and the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) are present in a weight ratio of at least 0.01:1, and wherein when the composition is cast to a membrane having a thickness ranging from 0.5 μm to 1000 μm exhibits a water vapor transmission rate ranging from 20 to 30 l/m 2 /day in an inverted cup method, or a water vapor transmission rate ranging from 730 to 1030 g/m 2 /day in an upright cup method, and wherein the membrane exhibits an area resistance of no more than 5 Ωcm 2 .
12. A coated article comprising a substrate and the composition of claim 11 applied as a coating on the substrate.
13. The coated article of claim 12 , wherein the substrate is a natural or synthetic, woven or non-woven material, or a mixture thereof.
14. The coated article of claim 12 , which is a protective sheet, blanket, clothing or other garment, or equipment, adapted to protect from harm due to chemical or biological hazards.
15. The coated article of claim 12 , wherein the substrate is a carbon electrode optionally comprising a catalytic metal component.
16. The coated article of claim 12 , wherein the substrate comprises
(a1) at least one sulfonated block copolymer comprising at least two polymer end blocks A and at least one polymer interior block B wherein each A block contains essentially no sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups and each B block is a polymer block containing from about 10 to about 100 mol percent sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups based on the number of monomer units of the B block; and
(c) optionally a liquid constituent, wherein the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a1) of the substrate and the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) of the coating are identical or different, and wherein the substrate is free of particulate carbon.
17. A membrane comprising:
a) at least one sulfonated block copolymer comprising at least two polymer end blocks A and at least one polymer interior block B wherein each A block contains essentially no sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups and each B block is a polymer block containing from about 10 to about 100 mol percent sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups based on the number of monomer units of the B block; and
b) particulate carbon;
wherein the particulate carbon (b) and the at least one sulfonated block copolymer (a) are present in a weight ratio of at least 0.01:1;
wherein (a) and (b) are provided in a dispersion;
wherein the membrane has a thickness ranging from 0.5 μm to 1000 μm;
and
wherein the membrane exhibits an area resistance of no more than 5 ωcm 2 .
18. The membrane of claim 17 , wherein the membrane has a thickness ranging from 20 μm to 250 μm.
19. The membrane of claim 17 , wherein the membrane exhibits a water vapor transmission rate ranging from 20 to 30 l/m 2 /day in an inverted cup method, or a water vapor transmission rate ranging from 730 to 1030 g/m 2 /day in an upright cup method.