A mode filter provides a low-loss transmission path for RF signals propagating in a first mode, while substantially suppressing at least one second mode. The mode filter includes a proximal port and a distal port, having a respective characteristic cross sectional dimension D p1 and D p2 , and an electrically conductive hollow tube having a longitudinal axis that extends a length L between a distal end of the proximal port and a proximal end of the distal port. A cross section transverse to the longitudinal axis is non-uniform along length L and has a minimum internal characteristic dimension D min at least at a first longitudinal position and a maximum internal characteristic dimension D max at least at a second longitudinal position. The mode filter is configured to suppress the at least one second mode by at least 5 dB, and D max is less than 2.5 times the greater of D p1 and D p2 .
1. An apparatus comprising:
a mode filter configured as a monolithic component fabricated from an electrically conductive material, the mode filter providing a low-loss transmission path for RF signals propagating, at a first frequency band, in a first one or more propagating modes, while suppressing, by at least 5 dB, at least one second propagating mode of the RF signals associated with the first frequency band;
a proximal port and a distal port, having a respective characteristic cross sectional dimension D p1 and D p2 ; and
an electrically conductive hollow tube, the hollow tube having a longitudinal axis and including a plurality of non ridge-loaded adjacent longitudinal segments, the hollow tube extending, by way of the plurality of non ridge-loaded adjacent longitudinal segments, a length L between a distal end of the proximal port to a proximal end of the distal port, wherein:
the mode filter is a monolithic component fabricated from an electrically conductive material;
a cross section transverse to the longitudinal axis is corrugated along length L and has a minimum external characteristic dimension D min along at least a first longitudinal segment of the plurality of adjacent longitudinal segments and a maximum external characteristic dimension D max along at least a second longitudinal segment of the plurality of adjacent longitudinal segments, D min being substantially different from D max ; and
D max is larger than the greater D p1 and D p2 and less than twice the greater of D p1 and D p2 .
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein L is less than three times the greater of D p1 and D p2 .
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein D min is greater than one half the smaller of D p1 and D p2 .
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mode filter is configured to suppress the at least one second mode by at least 20 dB, and D max is less than twice the greater of D p1 and D p2 .
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mode filter is symmetric about the longitudinal axis.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cross section is circular.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cross section is square.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mode filter has a return loss no worse than 15 dB.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mode filter includes no nonconductive or dielectric materials.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mode filter substantially suppresses at least two undesired propagating modes.
11. A mode filter comprising:
a proximal port and a distal port, having a respective characteristic cross sectional dimension D p1 and D p2 ; and
an electrically conductive hollow tube, the hollow tube having a longitudinal axis and including a plurality of non ridge-loaded adjacent longitudinal segments, the hollow tube extending, by way of the plurality of non ridge-loaded adjacent longitudinal segments, a length L between a distal end of the proximal port to a proximal end of the distal port, wherein:
the mode filter is a monolithic component fabricated from an electrically conductive material;
a cross section transverse to the longitudinal axis is corrugated along length L and has a minimum external characteristic dimension D min at least a first longitudinal segment of the plurality of adjacent longitudinal segments and a maximum external characteristic dimension D max along at least at a second longitudinal segment of the plurality of adjacent longitudinal segments, D min being substantially different from D max ;
D max is larger than the greater of D p1 and D p2 and less than twice the greater of D p1 and D p2 ; and
the mode filter is configured to provide a low-loss transmission path for RF signals propagating, at a first frequency band, in a first one or more propagating modes, while suppressing, by at least 5 dB, at least one second propagating mode of the RF signals associated with the first frequency band.
12. An antenna system comprising a waveguide, a radiating element, and a mode filter, the mode filter communicatively coupled at a proximal end to the waveguide, and communicatively coupled at a distal end to the radiating element, wherein:
the mode filter is a monolithic component fabricated from an electrically conductive material; and
the mode filter provides a low-loss transmission path for RF signals propagating, at a first frequency band, in a first one or more propagating modes, while suppressing, by at least 5 dB, at least one second propagating mode of the RF signals associated with the first frequency band, the mode filter comprising:
a proximal port and a distal port, having a respective characteristic cross sectional dimension D p1 and D p2 ; and
an electrically conductive hollow tube, the hollow tube having a longitudinal axis and including a plurality of non ridge-loaded adjacent longitudinal segments, the hollow tube extending, by way of the plurality of non ridge-loaded adjacent longitudinal segments, a length L between a distal end of the proximal port to a proximal end of the distal port, wherein a cross section transverse to the longitudinal axis is corrugated along length L and has a minimum external characteristic dimension D min along at least at a first longitudinal segment of the plurality of adjacent longitudinal segments and a maximum external characteristic dimension D max along at least a second longitudinal segment of the plurality of adjacent longitudinal segments, D min being substantially different from D max , and D max being larger than the greater of D p1 and D p2 and less than twice the greater of D p1 and D p2 .
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein L is less than three times the greater of D p1 and D p2 .
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein D min is greater than one half the smaller of D p1 and D p2 .
15. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the mode filter is symmetric about the longitudinal axis.
16. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the mode filter has a return loss no worse than 15 dB.
17. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the mode filter includes no nonconductive or dielectric materials.
18. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the mode filter substantially suppresses at least two undesired propagating modes.