In situ adjustable optical mask
Implantable corneal and intraocular implants such as a mask are provided. The mask can improve the vision of a patient, such as by being configured to increase the depth of focus of an eye of a patient. The mask can include an aperture configured to transmit along an optical axis substantially all visible incident light. The mask can further include a transition portion that surrounds at least a portion of the aperture. This portion can be configured to switch from one level of opacity to another level of opacity through the use of a controllably variable absorbance feature such as a switchable photochromic chromophore within a polymer matrix.
1. An ophthalmic device comprising:
a mask configured to transmit substantially all visible light along an optical axis of the eye;
the mask further comprising a transition portion configured to switch between a first degree of opacity and a second degree of opacity in response to application of an external stimuli;
wherein the transition portion is configured to remain locked into the second degree of opacity after removal of the external stimuli until another application of the external stimuli, the transition portion then returning to the first degree of opacity; and
wherein the transition portion comprises a photochromic chromophore within a polymer matrix.
2. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the mask further comprises an aperture configured to transmit substantially all visible light along the optical axis of the eye.
3. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the mask further comprises a plurality of holes extending at least partially between an anterior surface of the mask and a posterior surface of the mask.
4. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , further comprising an intraocular lens coupled with the mask.
5. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the second degree of opacity allows transmission of substantially all visible light through the transition portion of the mask.
6. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the first degree of opacity prevents transmission of substantially all visible light through the transition portion of the mask.
7. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the transition portion of the mask comprises at least 50% of the total mask.
8. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic chromophore is spiropyran.
9. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the transition portion is configured to switch between a first degree of opacity and a second degree of opacity via application of both light and heat.
10. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix has a glass transition temperature of between 30-150° C.
11. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the external stimuli is chosen from the group consisting of light, heat, and electrical current.
12. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the external stimuli comprises heat provided by a laser.
13. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the external stimuli comprises a combination of light and heat.
14. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix is approximately 50° C.
15. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a side-chain crystallizable polymer.
16. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the mask is configured to switch between the first degree of opacity, the second degree of opacity, and a third degree of opacity in response to an external stimuli.
17. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the transition portion is further configured to remain locked into the first degree of opacity until application of the external stimuli.
18. The ophthalmic device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises polymethyl methacrylate.
19. An intraocular mask, comprising:
a photochromic chromophore within a polymer matrix, the photochromic chromophore configured to rotate between a first state wherein the intraocular mask comprises a first degree of opacity and a second state wherein the intraocular mask comprises a second degree of opacity, the photochromic chromophore configured to rotate only when the polymer matrix has passed through a glass transition from a brittle state into a molten state in response to application of an external stimuli, the polymer matrix configured to return to the brittle state upon removal of the external stimuli and remain locked in the brittle state until another application of the external stimuli.
20. The intraocular mask of claim 19 , wherein the photochromic chromophore is substantially opaque while in the first state.
21. The intraocular mask of claim 20 , wherein the photochromic chromophore is substantially colorless while in the second state.