Functionalized polymers containing polyamine succinimide for demulsification in hydrocarbon refining processes
A method for treating an emulsion of a hydrocarbon is disclosed. The method includes providing an emulsion of a crude hydrocarbon, and adding an additive to the emulsion to obtain a treated hydrocarbon.
1. A method for treating an emulsion of a hydrocarbon, comprising
(i) providing an emulsion of a crude hydrocarbon, wherein said emulsion contains water;
(ii) adding an additive to the emulsion to obtain a treated hydrocarbon, the additive being represented by one of Formula A, B, and C below:
wherein in each of the Formula A, B, and C above:
m is an integer between 0 and 10 inclusive;
R 1 is a branched or straight-chained C 10 -C 800 alkyl or alkenyl group;
R 2 is a C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group;
R 3 is a C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group;
R 31 is hydrogen or —R 8 -R 9 , wherein R 8 is C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group, and R 9 is
wherein R 91 is a branched or straight-chained C 10 -C 800 alkyl or alkenyl group; or R 8 and R 9 together are a C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more amine groups; and further wherein the —N(R 31 ) —R 3 — repeat unit is optionally interrupted in one or more places by a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cycloalkyl group; and
R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen; (b) a bond connected to R 31 in the last distal —N(R 31 ) —R 3 —repeat unit; or (c) —R 6 —R 7 ,wherein R 6 is C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group, and R 7 is
wherein R 71 is a branched or straight-chained C 10 -C 800 alkyl or alkenyl group;
wherein in Formula B, n is an integer between 0 and 10 inclusive, and the groups R 2 ′, R 3 ′, R 31 ′, R 4 ′ and R 5 ′ are each defined the same as R 2 , R 3 , R 31 and R 4 , and R 5 , respectively;
(iii) separating the water from the treated emulsion of crude hydrocarbon.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 comprises polypropylene.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polypropylene is atactic polypropylene, isotactic polypropylene, or syndiotactic polypropylene.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polypropylene is amorphous.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polypropylene includes isotactic or syndiotactic crystallizable units.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polypropylene includes meso diads constituting from about 30% to about 99.5% of the total diads of the polypropylene.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 has a number-averaged molecular weight of from about 300 to about 30000 g/mol.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 has a number-averaged molecular weight of from about 500 to about 5000 g/mol.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 comprises polyethylene.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 comprises poly(ethylene-co-propylene).
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 comprises from about 1 mole % to about 90 mole % of ethylene units and from about 99 mole % to about 10 mole % propylene units.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 comprises from about 10 mole % to about 50 mole % of ethylene units.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 comprises poly(higher alpha-olefin), the higher alpha-olefin including two or more carbon atoms on each side chain.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen content in the compound is about 1wt % to about 10wt % based on the total weight of the compound.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is —CH 2 —CH 2 —, and R 31 is hydrogen.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the —N(R 31 )—R 3 — repeat unit is interrupted in one or more places by a 1,4-diethylenediamine.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treated hydrocarbon is in a hydrocarbon phase as a result of demulsification of the emulsion.
18. A method for treating an emulsion of a hydrocarbon, comprising
(i) providing an emulsion of a crude hydrocarbon;
(ii) adding an additive to the emulsion to obtain a treated hydrocarbon, the additive being represented by one of Formula A, B, and C below:
wherein in each of the Formula A, B, and C above:
m is an integer between 0 and 10 inclusive;
R 1 is a branched or straight-chained C 10 -C 800 alkyl or alkenyl group;
R 2 is a C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group;
R 3 is a C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group;
R 31 is hydrogen or —R 8 —R 9 , wherein R 8 is C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group, and R 9 is
wherein R 91 is a branched or straight-chained C 10 -C 800 alkyl or alkenyl group; or R 8 and R 9 together are a C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more amine groups; and further wherein the —N(R 31 )—R 3 — repeat unit is optionally interrupted in one or more places by a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cycloalkyl group; and
R 4 and R 5 are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen; (b) a bond connected to R 31 in the last distal —N(R 31 )—R 3 — repeat unit; or (c) —R 6 —R 7 , wherein R 6 is C 1 -C 4 branched or straight chained alkylene group, and R 7 is
wherein R 71 is a branched or straight-chained C 10 -C 800 alkyl or alkenyl group;
wherein in Formula B, n is an integer between 0 and 10 inclusive, and the groups R 3 ′, R 31 ′, R 4 ′ and R 5 ′ are each defined the same as R 2 , R 3 , R 31 and R 4 , and R 5 , respectively;
wherein at least one of R 1 , R 71 , and R 91 comprises poly(propylene-co-higher alpha-olefin), the higher alpha-olefin including two or more carbon atoms on each side chain.