Bovine milk oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides from bovine milk, whey and dairy products, and methods of producing bovine milk oligosaccharides are provided.
1. A composition comprising an oligosaccharide from bovine milk or milk product and an inoculum of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis or B. breve , wherein the oligosaccharide is selected from the group consisting of:
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hexose (Hex) moieties, 4 N-acetyl hexosamine (HexNAc) moieties and 1 fucose (Fuc) moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 5 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties, 5 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties, 6 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 6 HexNAc moieties,
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties and 3 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 4 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 6 Hex moieties and 2 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties and 4 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 5 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 5 Hex moieties and 4 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties and 5 HexNAc moieties; and
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 6 HexNAc moieties.
2. The composition of claim 1 , comprising at least two oligosaccharides selected from the group consisting of:
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 5 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties, 5 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties, 6 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 6 HexNAc moieties,
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties and 3 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 4 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 6 Hex moieties and 2 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties and 4 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 5 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 5 Hex moieties and 4 HexNAc moieties;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties and 5 HexNAc moieties; and
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties and 6 HexNAc moieties.
3. The composition of claim 1 , comprising one or more of
an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 5 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
an oligosaccharide consisting of 4 Hex moieties, 5 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety;
or an oligosaccharide consisting of 3 Hex moieties, 6 HexNAc moieties, and 1 Fuc moiety.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the inoculum is an inoculum of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the inoculum is an inoculum of B. breve.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a powder.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oligosaccharide consists of 3 Hex moieties, 4 HexNAc moieties and 1 Fuc-moiety.
8. A method of obtaining oligosaccharides, the method comprising:
purifying oligosaccharides from bovine milk or a bovine milk product, wherein the purifying comprises inactivating fucose-, sialic acid-, N-Acetylglucosamine-, lacto-N-biose-, glucose- and galactose-degrading enzymes in milk.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the purified oligosaccharides comprise at least one or more oligosaccharides recited in claim 1 .
10. A method of obtaining one or more of the oligosaccharides recited in claim 1 , comprising purifying the oligosaccharide from bovine milk.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the purifying comprises separating fucose-, sialic acid-, N-Acetylglucosamine-, lacto-N-biose-, glucose- and galactose-degrading enzymes in milk from the oligosaccharide.
12. A method of modifying the oligosaccharide of claim 1 , comprising contacting the oligosaccharide with at least one modifying enzyme, thereby adding or removing one or more chemical moieties from the oligosaccharide, thereby generating a modified oligosaccharide.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the modifying enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a fucosidase, fucosyltransferase, sialidase, sialyltransferase, a glycosidase, and a glycosyltransferase.
14. A method of treating a condition in an individual comprising administering an amount of the composition of claim 1 to the individual wherein the condition is selected from the group consisting of diarrhea; necrotizing enterocolitis; irritable bowel syndrome; allergic reaction; Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); and presence of Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perifringens, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia entercolitis, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacteria rectales , or Shigella species in the individual.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the oligosaccharide selectively stimulates the production of a Bifidobacterial secretion that modulates gut health in the individual; improves at least one biomarker of gut health in the individual; or increases gut colonization and persistence of probiotic bacteria.