Metal complexes

1. A compound of the formula (1),

M(L) n (L′) m   formula (1)

containing a moiety M(L) n of the formula (2) or formula (3):

where the following applies to the symbols and indices used:

M is a metal;

X is selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of C and N; all X here together represent a 14 π electron system;

R 1 to R 7 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a polymerisable group PG or H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R 8 ) 2 , CN, NO 2 , Si(R 8 ) 3 , B(OR 8 ) 2 , C(═O)R 8 , P(═O)(R 8 ) 2 , S(═O)R 8 , S(═O) 2 R 8 , OSO 2 R 8 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or an alkenyl, alkynyl or imine group having 2 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, where the above-mentioned alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl and imine groups may each be substituted by one or more radicals R 8 , where one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by R 8 C═CR 8 , Si(R 8 ) 2 , Ge(R 8 ) 2 , Sn(R 8 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 8 , P(═O)(R 8 ), SO, SO 2 , NR 8 , O, S or CONR 8 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 8 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 8 , or an aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 8 , or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group having 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 8 ; R 1 and R 2 and/or R 2 and R 3 and/or R 4 and R 5 and/or R 5 and R 6 and/or R 6 and R 7 here may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic and/or benzo-fused ring system with one another; furthermore, R 3 and R 4 may form a mono- or polycyclic, in each case aliphatic ring system with one another;

with the proviso that R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 represents a free electron pair if the group X to which this radical R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 or R 7 is bonded is a nitrogen atom having a saturated valence;

R 8 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R 9 ) 2 , CN, NO 2 , Si(R 9 ) 3 , B(OR 9 ) 2 , C(═O)R 9 , P(═O)(R 9 ) 2 , S(═O)R 9 , S(═O) 2 R 9 , OSO 2 R 9 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 9 , where one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by R 9 C═CR 9 , C≡C, Si(R 9 ) 2 , Ge(R 9 ) 2 , Sn(R 9 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 9 , P(═O)(R 9 ), SO, SO 2 , NR 9 , O, S or CONR 9 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 9 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 9 , or an aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 8 , or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group having 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 9 ; two or more adjacent radicals R 8 here may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another;

R 9 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, CN or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by D or F; two or more substituents R 9 here optionally forms a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another;

PG is a polymerisable group, with the proviso that the polymerisable group is not selected from Cl, Br, I and B(OR 8 ) 2 ; and furthermore with the proviso that, if one or more of the radicals R 1 to R 7 as polymerisable group PG are selected from an alkenyl or an alkynyl group, it is a terminal alkenyl or alkynyl group having 3 to 40 C atoms, where individual CH 2 groups or individual H atoms may also be replaced by the groups mentioned above in the case of R 1 to R 7 ; and furthermore with the proviso that, if one or more of the radicals R 1 to R 7 as polymerisable group PG is selected from a group Si(R 8 ) 3 , R 8 stands either for Cl or for an alkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms;

L′ is, identically or differently on each occurrence, a co-ligand;

n is 1, 2 or 3;

m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

a plurality of ligands L here may also be linked to one another or L is optionally linked to L′ via a single bond or a bridge V and thus form a tridentate, tetradentate, pentadentate or hexadentate ligand system;

wherein at least one of the radicals R 1 to R 7 and/or at least one radical on the ligand stands for a polymerisable group PG.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the moieties of the formula (2) are selected from the formula (2a) and the moieties of the formula (3) are selected from the formula (3a),

where symbols and indices used have the meanings given in claim 1 and furthermore:

X 1 is, identically or differently on each occurrence, C or N, with the proviso that at least one group X 1 stands for N.

3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the moieties of the formula (2) are selected from the formulae (4), (5) and (6) and the moieties of the formula (3) are selected from the formulae (7) and (8),

where the symbols and indices have the meanings indicated in claim 1 .

4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the moieties of the formula (2) or (3) are selected from the formulae (78) and (79),

where symbols and indices used have the meanings given in claim 1 and furthermore:

Y is, identically or differently on each occurrence, CR 8 or N, with the proviso that a maximum of two symbols Y stand for N; and

X 2 is, identically or differently on each occurrence, C or N, with the proviso that precisely two symbols X 2 stand for N and the other symbols X 2 stand for C.

5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the moieties of the formulae (78) and (79) are selected from the formulae (78a) to (78d) and (79a) to (79d),

where the symbols and indices used have the meanings given in claim 1 .

6. The compound according to claim 1 , selected from the compounds of the formulae (94) to (101),

where symbols used have the meanings given in claim 1 and V represents a single bond or a bridging unit containing 1 to 80 atoms from the third, fourth, fifth and/or sixth main group, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R1, or a 3- to 6-membered homo- or heterocycle which covalently bonds the part-ligands L to one another or L to L′ to one another.

7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, alkyl cyanides, aryl cyanide, alkyl isocyanide, aryl isocyanide, amine, phosphine, arsine, stibine, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, carbene, hydride, deuteride, the halides F—, Cl—, Br— or I—, alkylacetylide, arylacetylide, cyanide, cyanate, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, aliphatic or aromatic alcoholate, aliphatic or aromatic thioalcoholate, amide, carboxylate, aryl group, O2-, S2-, carbide, nitrene, N3-, diamine, imine, diimine, diphosphine, 1,3-diketonate, 3-ketonates derived from 3-ketoesters, carboxylates derived from aminocarboxylic acids, salicyliminate, dialcoholate, dithiolate, borates of nitrogen-containing heterocycles and ligands which, with the metal, form a cyclometallated five-membered ring or six-membered ring having at least one metal-carbon bond.

8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerisable group PG is selected from alkenyl or alkynyl groups having 2 to 40 C atoms, where, if one or more of the groups R1 to R7 are selected as polymerisable alkenyl or alkynyl group, they are alkenyl or alkynyl groups having 3 to 40 C atoms which carry a terminal double or triple bond, oxetane, oxirane, groups which undergo a polycycloaddition, carboxylic acid derivatives, amine, alcohol, silane group Si(R8)3, where at least two groups R8 stands for Cl or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 C atoms.

9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound has one, two or three polymerisable groups PG.

10. A process for the preparation of a polymer utilizing the compound according to claim 1 .

11. A polymer obtained by polymerisation of the compound according to claim 1 and optionally further monomers, where the polymerization reaction takes place via the polymerizable group PG.

12. The polymer according to claim 11 , wherein further structural units are present, selected from units which have hole-injection and/or hole-transport properties, units which have electron-injection and/or electron-transport properties, units which exhibit electrophosphorescence, units which improve the transfer from the singlet state to the triplet state, units which influence the emission color of the resultant polymers, units which are used as backbone and units which influence the film morphology and/or the rheological properties of the polymer.

13. A formulation comprising one or more compounds according to claim 1 .

14. A formulation comprising one or more polymers according to claim 11 .

15. An electronic device which comprises the polymer according to claim 11 .

16. The electronic device as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the device is an organic electroluminescent device, organic integrated circuit, organic field-effect transistor, organic thin-film transistor, organic light-emitting transistor, organic solar cell, organic optical detector, organic photoreceptor, organic field-quench device, light-emitting electrochemical cell or organic laser diode.

17. An organic electroluminescent device which comprises the polymer according to claim 11 , wherein the polymer is used in an emitting layer as a pure substance or in a mixture with one or more further polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds.

18. A process for the production of the electronic device which comprises applying the compound according to claim 1 , optionally together with further monomers, as a layer and polymerised and/or crosslinked in the layer of the electronic device or in that the compound according to claim 1 , optionally together with further monomers, is polymerised, and this polymer is applied as a layer from solution or by means of a printing process.

19. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein m is zero, and n is 2 or 3.

20. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein m is zero, and n is 2 or 3.

21. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein m is zero, and n is 2 or 3.