High altitude platform
An apparatus for generating electrical energy at altitude, comprising a tether connecting a substantially ground level location, part to a platform at an elevated location, the tether comprising a conduit coupled to an electrical generator at the platform, the conduit arranged to allow the flow of a fuel fluid from the substantially ground level location to the elevated location, and the electrical generator being operable to convert energy in the fuel fluid to electrical energy at the elevated location.
1. An apparatus for generating electrical energy at altitude, comprising a tether connecting a substantially ground-level location to a platform at an elevated location, the tether comprising a conduit coupled to an electrical generator at the platform, the conduit arranged to allow the flow of a fuel fluid from the substantially ground-level location to the elevated location, and the electrical generator being operable to convert energy in the fuel fluid to electrical energy at the elevated location, wherein the elevated location is at an altitude of from 5,000 m to 30,000 m.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the elevated location is at an altitude of from 10,000 m to 25,000 m.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , which comprises one or more balloons or dirigibles at the elevated location.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein such a one or more balloons or dirigibles is capable of providing a lifting force of at least 5.0 metric tonnes.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conduit is a pipe with an internal circular or near-circular cross-section, through which the fuel fluid flows.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the inside diameter, through which the fuel fluid flows, is from 1.5 to 30 mm.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the conduit contains fuel fluid at a flow rate of from 0.00002 to less than 1.0 kg/s.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel fluid comprises hydrogen or a hydrocarbon fluid.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the fuel fluid is a hydrocarbon fluid having an average molecular weight of less than 200.
10. An apparatus according to claim 1 , which comprises a fuel fluid pressurizer, operable to raise the pressure of the fuel fluid at the ground-level location in excess of 100 MPa.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel fluid comprises hydrogen and comprises a fuel fluid pressurizer, operable to raise the pressure of the fuel fluid at the ground-level location to a pressure of 0.2 to less than 100 MPa.
12. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the generator comprises a combustion engine, generating electricity by combustion of the fuel fluid.
13. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the generator comprises a fuel cell.
14. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the generator can produce from 0.5 to 20,000 kW of electrical power.
15. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the tether has a circular or non-circular cross-section and comprises a series of aerofoils at intervals along its length to provide lift to the tether from horizontal winds.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the tether has a cross-section with an aspect ratio of from 1.5 to 20.0.
17. An apparatus according to claim 15 , which, when air flows past the tether from a leading edge to a trailing edge, has a cross-section with its centre of mass nearer to the leading edge than is the centre of aerodynamic pressure.
18. An apparatus according to claim 15 , which, when air flows past the tether from a leading edge to a trailing edge, the tether has a cross-section with its centre of mass less than 25% of a chord length from the leading edge.
19. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the platform comprises a gyroscopic stabiliser.
20. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the platform is contained within a shroud and the platform is suspended by the tether but is free to rotate about all axes with respect to the tether.