Analyte sensor

1. A matrix material comprising a sol-gel or other polymer covalently attached to at least one of an analyte-sensitive material (ASM) and an analyte-insensitive material (AIM), wherein said sol-gel or other polymer is formed by crossing an ASM silane precursor compound having the structure of Formula (IV):

wherein at least two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently alkoxy, aryloxy, or methoxy, and the third is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, and methoxy; X 1 is —O— or a chemical bond; L is a linker; Y 1 ′ is —OCONR 4 —, —O—, —NR 4 CO—, —COR 5 —, —P(O)(OR 6 )O—, —CO 2 —, —O 2 C—, —NO 2 R 4 , —CO 2 NR 4 —, —N═N—, —CONH—, —NH—, or a chemical bond; ASM 1 is an ASM or an AIM; and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl.

2. The matrix material of claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently alkoxy; L is —(CH 2 ) n , X 1 is a chemical bond; Y 1 ′ is —CONH—, or —O—, or —NH—; and n is 2-6.

3. The matrix material of claim 1 , wherein ASM 1 is selected from the group consisting of:

4. The matrix material of claim 1 , wherein ASM 1 is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 20 , R 24 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 and R 33 are independently hydrogen, —CO 2 H, halogen, —OH, —NHR 4 , —SO 2 H, —R 5 CO, —P(O)(OR 6 )(OH), —N 3 , —CN, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy with the proviso that least one substituent is —CO 2 H, halogen, —OH, —NHR 4 , —SO 2 H, —R 5 CO, —P(O)(OR 6 )(OH), —N 3 or —CN.

5. The matrix material of claim 1 , wherein said ASM silane precursor compounds of Formula (IV) are selected from the group consisting of:

and wherein at least one of said ASM silane precursor compounds are polymerized to form a sol-gel or other polymer of Formula XIX is;

(XIX)—(this serves to label that structure as Formula XIX), wherein n is one or more.

6. The matrix material of claim 1 , wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyols, poly(vinyl alcohol), polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyamides, polyimides, polyesters, vinyl polymers, polyphenylene sulfides, polysaccharides, cellulose, and derivatives, copolymers, blends, and composites of any of the foregoing or combinations of any of the foregoing.

7. An electrode comprising a matrix material of claim 1 .

8. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are either all methoxy or all ethoxy.

9. A pH meter or other analyte sensing device that comprises an electrode of claim 7 .

10. A method for preparing the matrix material of claim 1 , said method comprising reacting a compound having the general structure of Formula (I):

wherein: at least two and typically all three R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently alkoxy or aryloxy, and if only two are alkoxy or aryloxy the third may be alkyl or aryl; X 1 is —O— or a chemical bond; L is a linker; Y 1 is —CO 2 H, halogen, —OH, —NHR 4 , —SO 2 H, —R 5 CO, —P(O)(OR 6 )(OH), —N 3 or —CN; R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; to form a compound of Formula (IV); and

crosslinking said compound of Formula (IV) to form said matrix material.

11. An electrode for use in an analyte sensing device, said electrode comprising a carbon-based substrate material selected from the group consisting of carbon, pyrolytic graphite, graphite, amorphous carbon, carbon black, single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond, pyrolyzed photoresist films, and derivatives thereof, said substrate being non-covalently coated with a cross-linked polymer, wherein said polymer is covalently attached to a redox active material which is an analyte sensitive material (ASM) or an analyte insensitive material (AIM), and said cross-linked polymer material is selected from the group consisting of a sol-gel, a polyol, a poly(vinyl alcohol), a polysulfone, a polyethersulfone, a polyamide, a polysulfonamide, a polyimide, a polyester, and a copolymer of any of the foregoing or combination thereof, wherein said sol-gel or other polymer is formed by crosslinking a compound having the structure of Formula (IV):

wherein at least two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently alkoxy, aryloxy, or methoxy, and the third is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, and methoxy; X 1 is —O— or a chemical bond; L is a linker; Y 1 ′ is —OCONR 4 , —O—, —NR 4 CO—, —COR 5 —, —P(O)(OR 6 )O—, —CO 2 —, —O 2 C—, NO 2 R 4 —, —CO 2 NR 4 —, —N═N—, —CONH—, —NH—, or a chemical bond; ASM 1 is an ASM or an AIM; and R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl.

12. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein ASM 1 is selected from the group consisting of:

13. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein said polymer is poly(vinyl alcohol).

14. The electrode of claim 13 , wherein said ASM or AIM is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 20 , R 24 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 and R 33 are independently hydrogen, —CO 2 H, halogen, —OH, —NHR 4 , —SO 2 H, —R 5 CO, —P(O)(OR 6 )(OH), —N 3 , —CN, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy with the proviso that least one substituent is —CO 2 H, halogen, —OH, —NHR 4 , —SO 2 H, —R 5 CO, —P(O)(OR 6 )(OH), N 3 or —CN.

15. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein said polymer is a cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer, and said polymer is covalently attached to a redox active material comprising anthraquinone.