Fire resistant woven fabrics and garments
View Patent ↗Optionally dyed woven fabrics and garments are disclosed that exhibit fire resistance, arc resistance, moisture management (water release rate and wicking), and abrasion resistance without the undesirable addition of topical treatments. Certain embodiments of the woven fabric are disclosed that comprise a plurality of weft yarns comprising a blend of fibers with inherently fire resistant fibers with superior moisture management properties and a plurality of warp yarns, optionally dyed, comprising cellulose derivatives. The woven fabrics are particularly useful in denim work clothes because they are comfortable to wear and exhibit fire resistance and abrasion resistance.
1. A woven fabric, comprising:
a. a plurality of weft yarns, comprising:
about 85% to about 90%, by weight, based on the total weight of the weft yarns, of hydrophobic fibers; and
about 10% to about 15%, by weight, based on the total weight of the weft yarns, of hydrophilic fibers; and
b. a plurality of warp yarns, comprising at least about 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the warp yarns, of cellulose derivatives;
wherein said warp yarns have an LOI less than about 22;
wherein said warp yarns are optionally dyed; and
wherein said woven fabric optionally meets the requirement for flame resistance, as set forth in American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Performance Specification ASTM F1506.
2. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
said woven fabric provides a minimum of 12.0 cal/cm 2 of arc rated protection to the wearer, when tested in accordance with American Society of Testing and Materials Standard Test ASTM F1959/F 1959M-06ae1.
3. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric demonstrates horizontal wicking of less than about ten seconds according to the horizontal wicking test method, when tested in accordance with AATCC 79 Absorbency of Textiles.
4. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric demonstrates vertical wicking of greater than about 5.0 cm in 5 minutes according to the vertical wicking test method, when tested in accordance with AATCC MM TS-06.
5. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric has a water release rate of greater than about 0.18% water weight per minute as said fabric dries from 20% by weight water to 1% by weight water, when tested in accordance with a modified version of the provisional AATCC Gravimetric Drying Test Method (AATCC/MM TS-05).
6. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric has a water release rate from a condition of wet (padded) to less than 1% by weight water of greater than about 0.25% of water weight per minute, when tested in accordance with a modified version of the provisional AATCC Gravimetric Drying Test Method (AATCC/MM TS-05).
7. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric has a weight loss of less than about 2% after 10,000 cycles using 600 grit sandpaper using ASTM D 4966—Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method—Option #3).
8. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric can dry from a fully wet condition (padded) to less than 1% by weight water in less than about 185 minutes in a controlled environment of 70° F. (+/−2° F.) and 55% relative humidity (+/−5% relative humidity), when tested in accordance with a modified version of the provisional AATCC Gravimetric Drying Test Method (AATCC/ASTM MM TS-05).
9. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric has a drying time of less than about 105 minutes from 20% by weight water to 1% by weight water in a controlled environment of 70° F. and 55% relative humidity (+/−5% relative humidity), when tested in accordance with a modified version of the provisional AATCC Gravimetric Drying Test Method (AATCC/ASTM MM TS-05).
10. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric has a basis weight of at least 12.0 ounces/square yard.
11. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said warp yarns are dyed indigo.
12. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said warp yarns are dyed with a high visibility dye.
13. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said hydrophobic fiber is polypropylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, poly(trimethylene terephthalate), polylactide, nylon, polyacrylonitrile, polybenzimidazole, fluoropolymer, a copolymers thereof, or combination thereof.
14. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said hydrophobic fiber is modacrylic, nylon, or a combination thereof.
15. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said hydrophilic fiber is a cellulose derivative.
16. A woven fabric of claim 15 ,
wherein said hydrophilic fiber is cotton, viscose, linen, rayon, or a combination thereof.
17. A woven fabric of claim 15 ,
wherein said hydrophilic fiber is cotton.
18. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said cellulose derivative is cotton.
19. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said plurality of warp yarns comprise about 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the warp yarns, of said cellulose derivative.
20. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said plurality of warp yarns comprise about 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the warp yarns, of cotton.
21. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said weft yarns are formed from:
about 75%, by weight, based on the total weight of the weft yarns, of modacrylic fibers;
about 10%, by weight, based on the total weight of the weft yarns, of nylon fibers; and
about 15%, by weight, based on the total weight of the weft yarns, of cotton fibers; and
wherein said warp yarns are formed from:
about 100%, by weight, based on the total weight of the warp yarns, of cotton fibers.
22. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said weft yarns are present at a level of about 30% to about 70%, by weight, based on the total weight of the woven fabric.
23. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said hydrophobic fibers and said hydrophilic fibers in said weft yarns are substantially intimately blended.
24. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said fibers in said warp yarns are substantially intimately blended.
25. A woven fabric of claim 1 ,
wherein said woven fabric is a twill fabric having a technical face and a technical back;
wherein said technical face comprises a predominant amount of said warp yarns; and
wherein said technical back comprises a predominant amount of said weft yarns.
26. A woven fabric of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one stain release agent or water repellant.
27. A garment, comprising:
said woven fabric of claim 1 ;
wherein a side of said woven fabric comprising a predominant surface area of said weft yarn is positioned to face towards a wearer's skin.
28. A garment of claim 27 ,
wherein a side of said woven fabric positioned to face away from a wearer's skin is treated with a stain release agent or water repellant.
29. A garment of claim 27 ,
wherein said garment is a pant.
30. A garment of claim 27 ,
wherein said garment is a jacket.
31. A garment of claim 27 ,
wherein said garment is a shirt.