APPARATUS FOR COMBINING DRUG EFFECT INTERACTION BETWEEN ANAESTHETICS AND ANALGESICS AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM FEATURES FOR PRECISE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS DURING ANAESTHESIA
The present invention consists of an apparatus for the on-line identification of drug effect using drug interactions and physiologic signals, in particular the interaction between anaesthetics and analgesics combined with the electroencephalogram for precise assessment of the level of consciousness in awake, sedated and anaesthetised patients. In a preferred embodiment the apparatus comprises: two infusion devices, for example syring pumps, which are connected to the patient ( 1 ) adapted to deliver hypnotics ( 2 ) and analgesics ( 3 ). The infusion data from the pumps are fed into an interaction model ( 5 ); an interaction model characterized by a Neural Network which is adapted to estimate the parameters of the model online and in real-time for drug interaction between anaesthetics and an analgesics, an EEG instrumentation amplifier; a processing unit adapted to calculate an EEG index of the level of consciousness (ELC); a fuzzy logic reasoner adapted to merge extracted EEG parameters into an index.
1 . An apparatus for improving a precision of estimate of a level of consciousness of a patient during sedation or general anaesthesia; the apparatus comprising the following:
a) An EEG device for estimating a level of the consciousness (ELC);
b) one or more devices for delivering the anaesthetics and analgesics to the patient;
c) said device is characterised by a calculating module configured for performing the following steps:
i) determining in real time a model for relation between a drug dose and an effect of hypnotic and analgesic drugs administered to the patient; wherein said model is tailored to the patient; and
ii) calculating based on the model, effect of the hypnotic and the analgesic drugs and combining the effect with the ELC to establish an index of the level of consciousness (CELC).
2 . The apparatus according to claim 1 characterized by sensors for monitoring the patients EEG and deriving an index of the level of consciousness (ELC) from features and solutions to the Schrodinger operator.
3 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the individual model characterised by the use of a neural network for defining the model.
4 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a warning unit configured for activating an alarm if a difference between the ELC and the CELC is larger than a threshold; wherein the threshold is defined as a minimum overlap between two confidence intervals of ELC and CELC.
5 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured for verifying that a combination of hypnotic and analgesic drugs does not give raise to falsely high concentrations of the drug.
6 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured for defining the optimal path on the interaction surface; said interaction surface is defined by a data driven approach such as an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System.
7 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the features comprise spectral parameters.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a display adapted for displaying the level of consciousness.
9 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the hybrid fuzzy reasoner comprises an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).
10 . The apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising a table reflecting a response of the patient.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the calculating module is further configured for calculating over a period safety changes characterized by a difference between the ELC and the CELC.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the calculating module is further configured for calculating over a period safety considerations based on speed and changes in the infusion speed of the hypnotic and analgesic drugs.
13 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the calculating module is further configured for providing a variable delay of the ELC to the CELC.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the calculating module is further configured for establishing the optimal path on the interaction surface in case that more than one drug is administered.