Ceramic material based on the perovskite ceramic Bi0, 5Na0, 5TiO3, piezoelectric actuator containing the ceramic material and process for producing the ceramic material
A ceramic material having the general formula (BiXNayM<1>zLuM<2>V<V>w) (Ti1-sZs)03, where: M<1> comprises at least one element of main group 1, M<2> comprises at least one element of main group 2, L comprises at least one element of the lanthanides, V is a vacancy and Z is selected from among Zr, Hf and combinations thereof, is provided. Furthermore, a piezoelectric actuator comprising the ceramic material and a process for producing the ceramic material are provided.
1. A lead-free ceramic material having the general formula Bi 0.49 Na 0.335 K 0.125 Li 0.04 Nd 0.01 TiO 3 .
2. The ceramic material according to claim 1 , having a depolarization temperature of <20° C. and a Curie temperature of >150° C.
3. The ceramic material according to claim 1 , having a dielectric loss factor of <0.5 in a temperature range from 20° C. to 150° C.
4. The ceramic material according to claim 1 , having an expansion in the range from 0.1% to 0.3% on application of an electric field in a temperature range from 20° C. to 150° C.
5. The ceramic material according to claim 1 , having a temperature dependence of <30% on application of an electric field in a temperature range from 20° C. to 150° C.
6. A piezoelectric actuator containing a ceramic material according to claim 1 .
7. A method for producing a lead-free ceramic material according to claim 1 , having the general formula (Bi x Na x M 1 z L u V w )(Ti 1-s Z s )O 3 , wherein:
x+y+z+u+w=1;
x, y, z, u>0;
M 1 comprises both Li and K;
L comprises at least one element of the lanthanides;
V is a vacancy;
Z is selected from among Zr, Hf and combinations thereof;
0.005≦z≦0.25;
0.001≦u≦0.02;
0≦w≦0.02; and
0≦s≦0.2, the method comprising:
A) mixing and milling of powdery starting materials in the stoichiometric ratio;
B) drying and calcination of the mixture;
C) milling of the mixture to give a ceramic powder and admixing a binder with the ceramic powder; and
D) removing binder from and sintering of the ceramic powder to give the ceramic material,
wherein, in process step B), drying is carried out at 60° C. and calcination is carried out at a temperature in the range from 750° C. to 950° C.
8. The method according to the claim 7 , wherein the starting materials in process step A) are selected from among oxides and/or carbonates of M 1 , L and Z.
9. The method for producing a lead-free ceramic material having the general formula (Bi x Na x M 1 z L u V w )(Ti 1-s Z s )O 3 wherein:
x+y+z+u+w=1;
x, y, z, u>0;
M 1 comprises both Li and K;
L comprises at least one element of the lanthanides;
V is a vacancy;
Z is selected from among Zr, Hf and combinations thereof;
0.005≦z≦0.25;
0.001≦u≦0.02;
0≦w≦0.02; and
0≦s≦0.2, the method comprising:
A) mixing and milling of powdery starting materials in the stoichiometric ratio;
B) drying and calcination of the mixture;
C) milling of the mixture to give a ceramic powder and admixing a binder with the ceramic powder; and
D) removing binder from and sintering of the ceramic powder to give the ceramic material,
wherein, in process step D), binder removal is carried out at 450° C. and sintering is carried out at a temperature in the range from 1000° C. to 1150° C.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the starting materials in process step A) are selected from among oxides and/or carbonates of M 1 , L and Z.