The present invention provides novel cathodes having a reduced resistivity and other improved electrical properties. Furthermore, this invention also presents methods of manufacturing novel electrochemical cells and novel cathodes. These novel cathodes comprise a silver material that is doped with a high valence early transition metal species.
1. A cathode for use in an electrochemical cell comprising
a silver material that is doped with a high valence dopant to give a doped silver material, wherein the dopant is present in a concentration of from about 0.01 mol % to about 10 mol %, and wherein the high valence dopant comprises an oxide, hydroxide, acetate, formate, sulfate, nitrate, nitride, amide, perchlorate, phosphate, triflate, silicide, carbonate, or carbonyl of Nb, Mn, Re, V, Ta, W, Mo, Cr, Fe, or any combination thereof.
2. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the doped silver material comprises a powder.
3. The cathode of claim 2 , wherein the powder has a mean particle diameter of about 20 μm or less.
4. The cathode of claim 3 , wherein the silver material comprises Ag, AgO, Ag 2 O, Ag 2 O 3 , Ag 3 O 4 , AgOH, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCuO 2 , AgFeO 2 , AgMnO 2 , Ag(OH) 2 , Ag 2 FeO 3 , Ag 4 FeO 4 , or any combination thereof.
5. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the high valence dopant comprises Nb 2 O 5 , KMnO 4 , KReO 4 , V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , WO 3 , MoO 3 , CrO 3 , MnO 2 , ReS 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O, or any combination thereof.
6. A method of producing a cathode for use in an electrochemical cell comprising
providing a silver powder that is doped with from about 0.01 mol % to about 10 mol % of a high valence dopant; and
forming the doped silver powder into a cathode, wherein the high valence dopant comprises an oxide, hydroxide, acetate, formate, sulfate, nitrate, nitride, amide, perchlorate, phosphate, triflate, silicide, carbonate, or carbonyl of Nb, Mn, Re, V, Ta, W, Mo, Cr, Fe, or any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the doped silver powder has a mean particle diameter of about 15 μm or less.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the silver powder comprises Ag, AgO, Ag 2 O, Ag 2 O 3 , Ag 3 O 4 , AgOH, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCuO 2 , AgFeO 2 , AgMnO 2 , Ag(OH) 2 , Ag 2 FeO 3 , Ag 4 FeO 4 , or any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the dopant comprises Nb 2 O 5 , KMnO 4 , KReO 4 , V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , WO 3 , MoO 3 , CrO 3 , MnO 2 , ReS 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O, or any combination thereof.
10. An electrochemical cell comprising
a cathode comprising a silver material comprising from about 0.01 mol % to about 10 mol % of a dopant and
an anode comprising zinc,
wherein the dopant comprises an acetate, formate, sulfate, nitrate, nitride, amide, hydroxide, oxide, perchlorate, phosphate, triflate, silicide, carbonate, or carbonyl of Nb, Mn, Re, V, Ta, W, Mo, Cr, Fe, or any combination thereof.
11. The cell of claim 10 , wherein the silver material comprises a powder.
12. The cell of claim 11 , wherein the powder has a mean particle diameter of about 20 μm or less.
13. The cell of claim 12 , further comprising an electrolyte comprising LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, or a combination thereof.
14. The cell of claim 13 , wherein the silver material further comprises Ag, AgO, Ag 2 O, Ag 2 O 3 , Ag 3 O 4 , AgOH, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCuO 2 , AgFeO 2 , AgMnO 2 , Ag(OH) 2 , Ag 2 FeO 3 , Ag 4 FeO 4 , or any combination thereof.
15. The cell of claim 10 , wherein the dopant comprises Nb 2 O 5 , KMnO 4 , KReO 4 , V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , WO 3 , MoO 3 , CrO 3 , MnO 2 , ReS 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O, or any combination thereof.