Direct aqueous phase reforming of bio-based feedstocks
View Patent ↗A method comprises providing a bio-based feedstock; contacting the bio-based feedstock with a solvent in a hydrolysis reaction to form an intermediate stream comprising carbohydrates; contacting the intermediate stream with an apr catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates, wherein a first portion of the oxygenated intermediates are recycled to form the solvent; and processing at least a second portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a fuel blend.
1. A method comprising:
contacting a solid biomass feedstock comprising lignin with (i) an aqueous medium comprising an organic acid, (ii) hydrogen, and (iii) an aqueous phase reforming (APR) catalyst in a reaction vessel;
wherein at least a portion of the solid biomass feedstock is converted to a carbohydrate in a hydrolysis reaction and the carbohydrate is converted to a first reaction product in an APR reaction;
wherein the hydrolysis reaction and the APR reaction are conducted in a single step;
wherein the first reaction product comprises a plurality of oxygenated intermediates;
wherein at least some of said oxygenated intermediates are provided as an oxygenated intermediate stream comprising a first portion and a second portion;
recycling the first portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream to form at least a portion of the aqueous medium; and
processing at least the second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream to form a fuel blend.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid biomass feedstock comprises wood materials.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid biomass feedstock comprises agricultural wastes.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the solid biomass feedstock comprises energy crops.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the contacting is carried out at a temperature in the range of 80° C. to 300° C.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the contacting is carried out at a pressure in the range of 60 KPa to 16500 KPa.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the processing of at least the second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream comprises contacting at least the second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream with a hydrogenation catalyst to form the fuel blend.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the processing of at least the second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream comprises contacting at least the second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream with a condensation catalyst to form the fuel blend.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein the processing of at least the second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream comprises contacting at least the second portion of the oxygenated intermediate stream with an acid catalyst to form at least some olefins; and contacting the olefins with an oligomerization catalyst to form the fuel blend.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the lignin is removed from the oxygenated intermediate stream.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the organic acid comprises a carboxylic acid.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from a group consisting of acetic, formic, levulinic acid, and any combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the organic acid in the reaction vessel is in an amount of at least 1.0 wt % based on the weight of the aqueous medium.