Mixed internal donor structures for 1-olefin polymerization catalysts

1. A solid catalyst component for use in olefinic polymerization, comprising:

titanium,

magnesium,

halogen, and

a combination of internal electron donor compounds, wherein said combination of internal electron donor compounds comprises at least one 1,8-naphthyl diester compound represented by chemical formula (I):

and at least one 3,3-bis(methoxymethyl) alkane compound selected from the group consisting of:

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylundecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldodecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldocosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-dimethylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,11-dimethyldo decane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,13-dimethyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,15-dimethylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,17-dimethyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,19-dimethylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,21-dimethyldocosane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpentane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)hexane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)heptane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)decane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)nonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)undecane;

1-(3-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

1(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)cyclopentane; and

1-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-3-methylcyclopentane;

wherein

R 1 -R 6 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 20 linear or branched alkyl, C 5 -C 10 cycloalkyl-alkyl, C 5 -C 20 alkyl-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C 7 -C 10 alkylaryl, or C 7 -C 18 arylalkyl radicals; and

A and B, which are identical or different, are substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

2. The solid catalyst component according to claim 1 comprising a titanium compound having at least one titanium-halogen bond and the combination of internal electron donor compounds supported on a magnesium halide crystal lattice.

3. The solid catalyst component according to claim 1 comprising a titanium compound having at least one titanium-halogen bond and the combination of internal electron donor compounds supported on a magnesium dichloride crystal lattice.

4. The solid catalyst component according to claim 2 , wherein the titanium compound is TiCl 4 or TiCl 3 .

5. A solid catalyst component for use in olefinic polymerization, comprising:

a reaction product of a titanium compound,

a magnesium compound, and

a combination of internal electron donor compounds,

wherein said combination of internal electron donor compounds comprises at least one 1,8-naphtyl diester compound represented by chemical formula (I):

and at least one 3,3-bis(methoxymethyl) alkane compound selected from the group consisting of:

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylundecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldodecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldocosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-dimethylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,11-dimethyldodecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,13-dimethyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,15-dimethylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,17-dimethyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,19-dimethylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,21-dimethyldocosane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpentane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)hexane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)heptane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)decane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)nonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)undecane;

1-(3-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

1-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)cyclopentane; and

1-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-3-methylcyclopentane;

wherein

R 1 -R 6 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 20 linear or branched alkyl, C 5 -C 10 cycloalkyl-alkyl, C 5 -C 20 alkyl-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C 7 -C 10 alkylaryl, or C 7 -C 18 arylalkyl radicals; and

A and B, which are identical or different, are substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

6. The solid catalyst component according to claim 1 , wherein said 1,8-naphthyl diester compound of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of

naphthalene-8-diyl dicyclohexanecarboxylate,

naphthalene-1,8-diyl di-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate,

naphthalene-1,8-diyl di-3-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate,

naphthalene-1,8-diyl di-4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate,

naphthalene-1,8-diyl dicyclohex-1-enecarboxylate,

naphthalene-1,8-diyl dicyclohex-2-enecarboxylate,

naphthalene-1,8-diyl dicyclohex-3-enecarboxylate,

8-(cyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate, and

8-(4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate.

7. The solid catalyst component according to claim 1 , wherein the 1,8-naphthyl diester compound of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of

8-(cyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(cyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(cyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(cyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(cyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(2-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(3-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 2-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 3-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-1-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate,

8-(4-methylcyclohex-2-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate, and

8-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl 4-methylbenzoate.

8. The solid catalyst component according to claim 1 having a surface area (by B.E.T. method) between about 10 and about 1,000 m 2 /g.

9. A catalyst system for use in olefinic polymerization, comprising:

(i) said solid catalyst component according to claim 1 ;

(ii) an organoaluminum compound; and

(iii) an organosilicon compound.

10. The catalyst system according to claim 9 , wherein the organoaluminum compound is an alkyl-aluminum compound.

11. The catalyst system according to claim 10 , wherein the alkyl-aluminum compound is a trialkyl aluminum compound.

12. The catalyst system according to claim 11 , wherein the trialkyl aluminum compound is selected from the group consisting of triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and tri-n-octylaluminum.

13. A method of making a solid catalyst component for a catalyst system, comprising: contacting a magnesium compound and a titanium compound with a combination of internal electron compounds,

wherein said combination of internal electron compound comprises at least one 1,8-naphthyl diester compound represented by chemical formula (I):

and at least one 3,3-bis(methoxymethyl) alkane compound selected from the group consisting of:

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylde cane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylunde cane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldodecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldocosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-dimethylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,11-dimethyldodecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,13-dimethyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,15-dimethylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,17-dimethyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,19-dimethylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,21-dimethyldocosane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpentane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)hexane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)heptane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)decane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)nonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)undecane;

1-(3-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

1-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)cyclopentane; and

1-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-3-methylcyclopentane;

wherein

R 1 -R 6 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 20 linear or branched alkyl, C 5 -C 10 cycloalkyl-alkyl, C 5 -C 20 alkyl-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C 7 -C 10 alkylaryl, or C 7 -C 18 arylalkyl radicals; and

A and B, which are identical or different, are substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said 1,8-naphthyl diester compound of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of naphthalene-1,8-diyl dicycloalkanecarboxylate derivative, naphthalene-1,8-diyl dicycloalkenecarboxylate derivative, 8-(cycloalkanecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate derivative, and 8-(cycloalkenecarbonyloxy)naphthalene-1-yl benzoate derivative.

15. The method according to claim 13 further comprising contacting the magnesium compound and the titanium compound with an additional internal electron donor compound, wherein said additional internal electron compound comprises at least one 1,8-naphthyl diester compound represented by chemical formula (I):

and at least one 3,3-bis(methoxymethyl) alkane compound selected from the group consisting of:

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylundecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldodecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldocosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,5-dimethylhexane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,6-dimethylheptane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,11-dimethyldodecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,13-dimethyltetradecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,15-dimethylhexadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,17-dimethyloctadecane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,19-dimethylicosane;

1-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,21-dimethyldocosane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,9-dimethyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,7-dimethyloctane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,8-dimethylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,10-dimethylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpentane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylhexane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyldecane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylheptane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methyloctane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-2-methylnonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)-2- methylundecane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)hexane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)heptane;

3,3-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

5,5-bis(methoxymethyl)decane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)octane;

4,4-bis(methoxymethyl)nonane;

6,6-bis(methoxymethyl)undecane;

1-(3-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

1-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-4-methylcyclohexane;

(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)cyclopentane; and

1-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-3-methylcyclopentane;

wherein

R 1 -R 6 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 20 linear or branched alkyl, C 5 -C 10 cycloalkyl-alkyl, C 5 -C 20 alkyl-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C 7 -C 10 alkylaryl, or C 7 -C 18 arylalkyl radicals; and

A and B, which are identical or different, are substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.

16. A process for polymerizing or copolymerizing an olefin monomer, comprising the steps of:

(i) providing the catalyst system according to claim 9 ;

(ii) polymerizing or copolymerizing the olefin monomer in the presence of the catalyst system to form a polymer or a copolymer; and

(iii) recovering the polymer or copolymer.

17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the olefin monomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butylene, 1-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.